在无人机撞击中使用刚性撞击器测试评估转移的能量
Zdeněk Svatý1, Pavel Vrtal1, Luboš Nouzovský1
1Department of Forensic Experts in Transportation, Faculty of Transportation Sciences, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
PloS one
|February 12, 2026
概括
无人机与人类的碰撞构成安全风险. 这项研究发现,增加无人机冲击能量减少了转移的能量,挑战了无人机系统 (UAS) 和人型测试设备 (ATD) 的线性安全假设.
科学领域:
- 生物力学和事故重建
- 机器人和无人系统安全 机器人和无人系统安全
背景情况:
- 无人机飞行系统 (UAS) 正在快速发展,越来越需要了解碰撞安全.
- 评估无人机对人类影响的健康后果需要强大的测试方法.
研究的目的:
- 为了确定人形测试装置 (ATD) 对无人机空中系统 (UAS) 的垂直头撞击的反应.
- 为了生成一个验证的数据集来比较无人机系统冲击与刚性冲击器测试.
- 分析一系列冲击动能 (KE) 的能量转移动态.
主要方法:
- 通过使用具有刚性冲击器的ATD进行了30次测试,其动能从5到180J不等.
- 假设大多数撞击动能被ATD头部吸收,用于可扩展的分析.
- 将ATD测试结果与实际UAS撞击数据进行比较,重点是垂直,顶部撞击.
主要成果:
- 随着UAS冲击动能增加,转移到ATD的能量减少,偏离了与刚性冲击器看到的线性趋势.
- 无人机结构的变形,如DJI Phantom,显著减少了对头部的能量传输.
- 生物力学标准 (峰值头部加速,头部损伤标准15ms [HIC15],部损伤标准 [Nij]) 证实了减少的能量传递.
- HIC15与KE的关系比在临界撞击速度无法实现时的峰值头加速更为准确.
结论:
- 基于线性能量转移假设的现有无人机安全标准可能会高估由于无人机可变的伤害风险.
- 该研究提供了对垂直,顶部冲击的验证数据集,这对于完善安全标准至关重要.
- 在有限的测试场景中,HIC15是评估受伤风险的潜在更可靠的指标,而不是峰值头部加速.
相关概念视频
01:13Kinetic Energy for a Rigid Body
551
Imagine a solid object involved in a general planar movement, with its center of mass pinpointed at a spot labeled G. The object's kinetic energy relative to an arbitrary point A can be quantified for each of its particles - the ith particle in this case. This measurement is achieved through the employment of the relative velocity definition. The position vector, known as rA, extends from point A to the mass element i.
551
01:16Energy Transfer in Chemical Reactions
12.3K
Chemical reactions require sufficient energy to cause the matter to collide with enough precision and force that old chemical bonds can be broken and new ones formed. In general, kinetic energy is the form of energy powering any type of matter in motion. Imagine a person building a brick wall. The energy it takes to lift and place one brick on top of another is the kinetic energy—the energy matter possesses because of its motion. Once the wall is in place, it stores potential energy.
12.3K
04:10What is Energy?
59.7K
The universe is composed of matter in different forms, and all forms of matter contain energy. The different forms of energy on Earth originate from the Sun — the ultimate energy source. Plants capture light energy from the Sun, and, via the process of photosynthesis, convert it into chemical energy. This stored energy from plants can be harnessed in many ways. For example, eating plant products as food provides energy for our body to function, and burning wood or coal (fossilized...
59.7K
01:21Free Energy
52.3K
Free energy—abbreviated as G for the scientist Gibbs who discovered it—is a measurement of useful energy that can be extracted from a reaction to do work. It is the energy in a chemical reaction that is available after entropy is accounted for. Reactions that take in energy are considered endergonic and reactions that release energy are exergonic. Plants carry out endergonic reactions by taking in sunlight and carbon dioxide to produce glucose and oxygen. Animals, in turn, break...
52.3K
00:49Rigid Body Equilibrium Problems - I
5.5K
A rigid body is said to be in static equilibrium when the net force and the net torque acting on the system is equal to zero. To solve for rigid body equilibrium problems, do the following steps.
5.5K
01:19Impact of Groups on Groups
262
Social psychologists analyze how groups influence one another, shaping social structures and interactions through both cooperation and competition. These dynamics manifest in various ways, ranging from economic partnerships to intergroup conflicts that shape societal structures and perceptions.Cooperation and Competition in Intergroup RelationsIntergroup relationships vary across contexts, sometimes fostering cooperation and mutual benefit while at other times leading to conflict and...
262