建立准备的系统:关于机构治理和国家公共卫生机构的全球范围研究
Sileshi Demelash Sasie1, Fantu Mamo Aragaw2, Tigist Ali Gebeyehu1
1Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
PLOS global public health
|February 12, 2026
概括
公共卫生应急准备需要强有力的治理和稳定的融资. 国家公共卫生机构需要明确的任务和地方一体化,以有效应对和持续的国家准备.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 全球卫生安全 全球卫生安全
- 加强卫生系统 加强卫生系统
背景情况:
- 公共卫生紧急情况构成了持续的威胁,正如COVID-19流行病所强调的那样.
- 国家公共卫生机构 (NPHA),特别是国家公共卫生研究所 (NPHI),对于准备和应对至关重要.
- 在制度成熟度,资金和地方一体化方面存在显著差异,特别是在低收入和中等收入国家.
研究的目的:
- 审查和综合影响公共卫生应急准备和应对因素的证据.
- 检查治理,制度安排,劳动力,融资和其他决定因素.
- 确定差距,并为提高国家准备能力的战略提供信息.
主要方法:
- 对2000-2025年期间的文献进行了范围审查.
- 遵循了阿克西和奥马利框架和PRISMA-ScR指南.
- 在主要数据库和世卫组织存储库中进行系统搜索,然后进行数据提取和主题综合.
主要成果:
- 包括60项研究,分析了7个领域:机构格局,治理,准备功能,劳动力,融资,地方存在和推动因素.
- 国家公共卫生机构很常见,但往往缺乏明确的任务和次国家范围.
- 监控和风险沟通等核心功能在融资,劳动力和数字系统方面面临着一致的挑战.
结论:
- 有效的公共卫生应急准备依赖于稳定的治理,融资和问责制.
- 加强NPHI权威,国内投资,劳动力和信息系统对于运营绩效至关重要.
- 建立持久的,受机构支持的准备是从危机应对转向持续准备的关键.
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