概括
65岁以上成年人的疫苗接种率在2019年至2024年期间下降. 在2024年,流感疫苗接种率为67.1%,肺炎疫苗接种率也下降,突出了改善成人免疫策略的需要.
科学领域:
- 老年学是指老年学的学科.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 疫苗接种对于预防老年人的传染病至关重要.
- 监测疫苗接种覆盖率趋势对于公共卫生干预措施至关重要.
- 国家健康访谈调查 (NHIS) 提供了有关成人健康行为的宝贵数据.
研究的目的:
- 分析2024年国家卫生访谈调查 (NHIS) 关于65岁及以上成年人接种疫苗的数据.
- 根据社会人口统计学特征呈现流感和肺炎的疫苗接种率.
- 检查2019年至2024年的疫苗接种趋势.
主要方法:
- 利用2024年NHIS数据进行分析.
- 采用SAS可调用的SUDAAN软件来管理复杂的调查设计.
- 通过双面显著性测试评估差异,并通过后勤回归评估趋势.
主要成果:
- 在65岁以上的成年人中,流感和肺炎疫苗接种率在2024年低于2019年.
- 2024年,67.1%的老年人接种了流感疫苗;65-74岁年龄组的覆盖率最低.
- 女性比男性更有可能接种肺炎疫苗,但在接种流感疫苗方面没有观察到性别差异.
结论:
- 老年人中流感和肺炎的疫苗接种覆盖率有所下降.
- 可能需要有针对性的策略来提高成人免疫率,特别是在年轻的老年人中预防流感.
- 进一步的研究应该探索为什么在这个脆弱的人群中疫苗接种趋势下降的原因.
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