在巴基斯坦的阿富汗难民中发现结核病例:护理级联,特征和治疗结果
Mahboob Ul Haq1, Abdul Wali Khan2, Faisal Siraj1
1National TB Control Program, Pakistan; Common Management Unit (HIV/AIDS, TB & Malaria), Islamabad, Pakistan.
概括
积极病例寻找有效地在巴基斯坦的阿富汗难民中发现了结核病 (TB),实现了97%的成功治疗率. 这种以社区为基础的方法凸显了其在改善弱势群体结核病护理方面的价值.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 传染病流行病学 传染病流行病学
- 全球健康 全球健康
背景情况:
- 巴基斯坦的阿富汗难民因流离失所和有限的医疗保健机会而遭受高水平的结核病 (TB) 负担.
- 全球基金支持诸如活跃病例寻找 (ACF) 等干预措施,以解决难民人口中的结核病问题.
- 这项研究重点关注巴基斯坦开伯尔巴赫图努克瓦和巴鲁吉斯坦的难民村落中ACF的实施.
研究的目的:
- 评估基于社区的活跃病例查找 (ACF) 对巴基斯坦阿富汗难民肺结核检测和治疗成功的有效性.
- 评估全球基金支持的计划对脆弱流离失所人口结核病控制的影响.
主要方法:
- 一项纵向描述性研究,利用来自国家结核病计划的二次数据.
- 接受过培训的卫生工作者对难民社区进行结核病症状的查.
- 通过涂抹显微镜,GeneXpert和胸部X射线进行诊断,标准化治疗和直接观察治疗 (DOT) 下的随访.
主要成果:
- 在612,965名接受查的难民中,超过91% (560,000) 被评估,确定了4,860名结核病患者.
- 肺结核占76%的病例,52%为女性,43%为年龄在15-44岁之间.
- 在4062名患者中,获得了97%的有利治疗结果率,超过了世卫组织90%的目标.
结论:
- 基于社区的活跃病例寻找是检测结核病并确保阿富汗难民治疗成功率高的有效策略.
- 有针对性的外展计划对于改善结核病护理和难民和服务不足的人群的结果至关重要.
- 该研究强调了持续的国际资金和针对弱势群体量身定制的公共卫生干预措施的重要性.
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