儿童与食物过敏相关的欺凌行为:混合方法研究的流行率和心理社会负担
Rita Nocerino1,2,3, Angelica Esposito4, Laura Carucci1,2
1Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
概括
与食物过敏相关的欺凌 (FARB) 影响了意大利超过三分之一的食物过敏儿童,通常涉及口头侮辱和排斥. 这凸显了对基于学校的综合反欺凌和过敏管理策略的需要.
科学领域:
- 儿科过敏和免疫学
- 儿童心理学和精神病学
- 公共卫生和流行病学
背景情况:
- 与食物过敏相关的欺凌 (FARB) 是一个未被认可的问题,它将心理伤害与暴露于过敏原的身体风险相结合.
- 关于意大利FARB的数据有限,需要研究其流行程度和对儿童的影响.
- 这项研究通过调查食物过敏 (FA) 的意大利学龄儿童中的FARB来弥补这一差距.
研究的目的:
- 确定在意大利患有FA的儿童体验的FARB的流行率和特定形式.
- 探索遭受FARB的儿童的经历,情绪影响和应对机制.
- 识别感知到的支持系统和改善学校干预措施的领域.
主要方法:
- 在意大利那不勒斯进行了一项观察性,横截面,混合方法的研究.
- 关于欺凌发生率的定量数据是使用意大利调整的奥尔韦斯欺凌者/受害者问卷收集的.
- 通过半结构面试收集定性数据,并通过解释性现象学分析进行分析.
主要成果:
- 在73名患有FA的儿童中,有35.6%在前两个月报告了欺凌行为,其中27.4%将FA作为动机.
- 口头侮辱,社会排斥和谣言是FARB的常见策略,主要发生在课堂上.
- 报告了情绪困扰,过度警和社会退缩,呼吁提高学校的意识和保护.
结论:
- FARB是一种常见的,复杂的受害者形式,对FA儿童具有重大心理社会和身体影响.
- 将FA管理纳入学校反欺凌政策是预防的关键.
- 建议加强员工培训和包容性教育干预措施,以保护受影响的儿童.
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