欧洲联盟可避免死亡的原因和程度:促进健康衰老的见解
David Major1,2,3, Vince Fazekas-Pongor1,2,3, Nóra Kovács4,5
1Institute of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
GeroScience
|February 12, 2026
概括
欧盟国家面临着不健康的老龄化挑战,影响医疗保健和发展. 本研究分析了可避免的死亡率,以确定区域模式,并为欧盟各国健康老龄化策略提供信息.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 老年学是指老年学的学科.
- 医疗保健服务研究 医疗服务研究
背景情况:
- 人口老龄化是一个显著的全球趋势,在欧盟 (EU) 尤其明显.
- 不健康的老龄化给医疗保健系统带来压力,阻碍社会经济进步.
- 针对可避免死亡率的基于证据的战略对于促进健康老龄化至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 分析欧盟国家根据性别的可避免死亡率 (可预防和可治疗) 的程度和结构,使用2022年欧盟统计局的数据.
- 通过集群分析确定区域模式和可避免死亡率的相似性/差异性.
- 为减少可避免死亡率和支持健康老龄化提供有针对性的干预信息.
主要方法:
- 欧盟统计局2022年关于可避免死亡率的数据的二次分析.
- 每个欧盟国家的可避免死亡率按性别分层.
- 基于可避免死亡率指标 (率,比率) 和因果特异性组成的集群分析.
主要成果:
- 根据死亡率指标,出现了三个不同的集群,揭示了区域模式:欧盟西部/北部 (集群1) 的死亡率最低,但可预防与可治疗的比率较高;地中海欧盟 (集群2) 显示了中等水平的死亡率,性别差异很高;中欧/东欧欧盟 (集群3) 面临着可预防和可治疗死亡率的最高负担,性别差异最高.
- 具体原因分析确定了三个群体:心血管疾病 (群体2和3),癌症 (群体1) 和心血管/酒精相关死亡率 (群体3).
- 虽然集群并不完全一致,但结合分析提供了对区域健康概况和威胁的细微了解.
结论:
- 可避免的死亡模式和死亡原因在欧盟各地区有很大差异,突出了不同的公共卫生挑战.
- 可预防与可治疗的死亡率和性别差异的区域差异需要量身定制的干预措施.
- 分析死亡指标和原因的综合方法是有效的,用于制定有针对性的战略,以促进健康老龄化和减少可避免的死亡.
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