将大型语言模型与深度学习集成为乳腺癌治疗决策支持
Heeseung Park1,2, Serin Ok3, Taewoo Kang1,2
1Department of Surgery, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea.
Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 13, 2026
概括
这项研究开发了一种AI临床决策支持系统 (CDSS) 用于乳腺癌治疗. 与LLM病理分析和EMR数据集成的梯度增强模型提供可靠的标准化治疗建议.
科学领域:
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 人工智能的人工智能
背景情况:
- 乳腺癌的分子异质性使治疗决策复杂化.
- 病理学报告和电子医疗记录 (EMR) 对于治疗规划至关重要.
- 对于复杂的乳腺癌病例,需要标准化和可靠的决策支持.
研究的目的:
- 开发一个综合临床决策支持系统 (CDSS).
- 将基于大型语言模型 (LLM) 的病理分析与深度学习结合起来,用于治疗预测.
- 支持标准化和可靠的乳腺癌治疗决策.
主要方法:
- 分析了来自5015名乳腺癌患者的现实数据.
- 利用Meta-Llama-3-8B-Instruct从病理学报告中自动提取TNM阶段和瘤大小.
- 综合提取的病理学数据与EMR变量用于16种治疗组合的多标签分类,使用6种机器学习模型 (决策树,随机森林,GBM,XGBoost,DNN,变压器).
主要成果:
- 渐变增强机 (GBM) 和XGBoost模型使用结合LLM提取的病理学和EMR特征实现了最高的预测性能 (宏F1 ≈ 0.88-0.89;AUC = 0.867-0.868).
- 决策树和随机森林显示中等,可靠的性能 (宏F1 = 0.84-0.86;AUC = 0.849-0.821).
- 深度神经网络 (DNN) 和变压器模型的得分较低,这表明渐变增强组合更适合表式医学数据.
结论:
- 开发的基于AI的CDSS提高了乳腺癌治疗决策支持的准确性和一致性.
- 自动化病理学解释和深度学习的整合显示了对现实世界癌症护理的潜力.
- 梯度增强组合方法为乳腺癌提供了临床可靠的治疗建议.
相关概念视频
Treatment Resistant Cancers
3.8K
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
3.8K
Language
921
Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
Corballis and Suddendorf (2007) and Tomasello and Rakoczy (2003) highlight the role of language in...
Corballis and Suddendorf (2007) and Tomasello and Rakoczy (2003) highlight the role of language in...
921
Components of Language
831
Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
831
Language Development
939
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
939
Language and Cognition
813
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
813
Self-Help Support Groups
365
Self-help support groups are voluntary, community-based organizations that provide a platform for individuals with shared concerns to exchange support, insights, and practical strategies for coping with life challenges. Typically led by group members or paraprofessionals, these groups form a cornerstone of mental health care, especially in reaching populations that are underserved by traditional healthcare systems.
Accessibility and Cost-Effectiveness
One of the primary strengths of self-help...
Accessibility and Cost-Effectiveness
One of the primary strengths of self-help...
365


