设计和实验验证一个12GHz高度4×4补丁天线阵列为S21基于相位的生命信号监测
David Vatamanu1,2, Simona Miclaus1,2, Ladislau Matekovits3,4,5
1Doctoral School, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 13, 2026
概括
高收益微波天线对于使用雷达进行非接触式生命体征监测至关重要. 这项研究开发了一种12GHz天线阵列,通过增强相位变化,显著提高了心跳检测灵敏度.
科学领域:
- 电磁学 电磁学 电磁学 电磁学
- 生物医学工程 生物医学工程
- 微波工程 微波工程
背景情况:
- 使用微波雷达进行非接触式生命体征监测,可以通过衣服进行不显眼的检测.
- 基于雷达的生命体征监测的灵敏度在很大程度上取决于天线系统的性能,特别是向前传输系数S21.
- 现有的天线设计可能无法提供足够的增益和光束定向性,以可靠地检测微妙的生理信号,如心跳.
研究的目的:
- 设计,优化,制造和验证一个高收益的12GHz微条纹补丁天线阵列,用于增强基于相位的生命体征监测.
- 调查天线增益和光束宽度对呼吸和心跳检测能力的影响.
- 为高灵敏度非接触式生命体征监测系统提供实际设计指南.
主要方法:
- 设计和逐步优化4x4微条纹补丁天线阵列使用技术,如同轴养,基于槽的阻抗控制,步骤传输线路匹配,和缓冲曲.
- 电磁模拟和性能评估,包括增益,反射系数和总效率.
- 在无声室中进行实验验证,并集成到基于连续波向量网络分析器 (VNA) 的雷达系统中.
- 在相同的条件下与不同类型的天线 (双面,单块,MIMO) 进行比较测量.
主要成果:
- 设计的天线阵列在12 GHz时实现了模拟增益17.8 dBi和测量增益17.06 dBi,反射系数为-26 dB,总效率接近74%.
- 通过中等增益天线可以检测呼吸,但可靠的心跳检测需要高增益,窄光束的拟议阵列.
- 拟议的阵列在没有先进的信号处理的情况下,在1-1.5赫兹频段显著提高了脉冲检测能力,突出显示了增强的相位灵敏度.
结论:
- 天线设计在基于S21的生物医学雷达系统的性能中起着至关重要的作用,用于监测生命体征.
- 高收益,窄光束天线对于通过增加相位灵敏度和减轻环境杂乱来实现可靠的非接触式心跳检测至关重要.
- 开发的12GHz天线阵列为高灵敏度非接触式生命体征监测提供了切实可行的解决方案,为未来系统提供了宝贵的设计见解.
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