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营养援助计划和儿科体重结果:系统性审查

Dan Ferris¹, Genevieve Davison², Tyler Frank³

¹Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.

|February 13, 2026

概括

联邦营养援助计划 (FNAPs) 与儿童体重结果有着复杂的关系. 证据不支持广泛的不良影响,政策变化可能会改善健康.

科学领域:

公共卫生公共卫生
营养科学营养科学
儿科健康儿科健康

背景情况:

美国粮食不安全和儿童肥胖症的同时增加,引发了对营养援助计划的质疑.
联邦营养援助计划 (FNAPs) 对许多美国儿童的粮食安全至关重要.

研究的目的:

系统地审查FNAP参与与儿科体重结果之间的关系的证据.
综合有关不同类型的FNAP和政策变化如何影响儿童体重的研究结果.

主要方法:

在2024年7月之前发表的基于美国的同行评审研究的系统审查.
搜索了六个数据库,寻找评估FNAP参与和儿科体重结果的研究.
包括定量和以政策为重点的研究,根据计划类型和研究设计分析结果.

主要成果:

包括75项研究;没有一个FNAP持续影响儿童体重. 20项研究显示了有益的关系,32项报告混合发现,16项没有发现任何关联.
负面的体重关系在质量较低的研究中更常见. 政策变化,比如"健康无饥饿儿童法案",显示了与体重结果的关联.
八项政策评估表明了有利的效果,而九项报告报告了混合的结果.

结论:

在FNAP参与和儿科体重之间存在复杂的非因果关系,根据人口,计划和研究设计而异.
证据不支持FNAP的广泛负面权重效应.
政策中强化营养标准可能会促进儿童更健康的体重结果.

关键词:

身体质量指数 (BMI) 是指身体质量指数.粮食安全粮食安全营养援助计划营养援助计划儿科肥胖症儿科肥胖症政策干预政策干预学校的学校用餐.

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