全球河流MP污染的综合性审查:分布模式和河流运输动态
Gaurav Hariram Rangari1, Abhijit Dilip Lade1, Aniruddha Dattatraya Ghare1
1Department of Civil Engineering, Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, India.
概括
微塑料 (MP) 在全球的河流沉积物中普遍存在. 本综述综合了它们的来源,类型和度,揭示了非洲的最高水平,并确定了关键的运输因素.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 生态毒理学 生态毒理学
- 地质化学 地质化学
背景情况:
- 微塑料 (MP) 是普遍存在的环境污染物,河流是通往海洋的主要通道.
- 河流沉积物是微塑料碎片的重要沉积点,影响全球水生生态系统.
研究的目的:
- 对河流沉积物中微塑料污染物的全球研究进行全面审查和综合.
- 分析MP的各大洲特征,包括来源,形态,聚合物类型和度.
- 调查MP在河流系统中的运输和沉积过程.
主要方法:
- 系统的文献审查和对河流沉积物中微塑料现有研究的综合.
- 对MP特征 (来源,形状,尺寸,聚合物类型,度) 的特定大陆数据的统计分析.
- 关于MP运输动态的文献综述,包括初始运动值和沉积.
主要成果:
- MP度呈现出显著的大陆梯度,非洲显示最高水平,其次是亚洲,南美,欧洲,北美和澳大利亚.
- 污水处理厂,工业排放,织品,渔业和管理不善的废物是MP的主要来源,地理位置有所不同.
- 纤维和碎片是常见的,聚乙烯 (PE),聚烯 (PP),聚烯 (PS),聚乙烯四甲酸盐 (PET) 和聚胺 (PA) 是最常见的聚合物.
- 由于密度和摩擦较低,MPs在较低的剪切应力下发起运动,而不是自然沉积物,受形状和方向的影响.
结论:
- 河流是微塑料污染的关键通道,沉积物中的积累很大.
- 了解MP的特征和来源对于有针对性的缓解策略至关重要.
- 需要进一步的研究来准确地建模MP运输,考虑床剪压力,漏和植被等因素.
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