美国天然气供应的碳密度
Zhihao Zhang1, Jeffrey Rutherford2, James Littlefield3
1Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 367 Panama St, Stanford, California 94304, United States.
Environmental science & technology
|February 13, 2026
概括
美国天然气系统的温室气体排放量是EPA估计的两倍,主要是由于甲泄漏. 将这些排放量减少75%可以将上游碳强度减半.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 能源系统分析 能源系统分析
- 大气化学 大气化学
背景情况:
- 来自天然气系统的温室气体 (GHG) 排放的准确估计对于减缓气候变化和向低碳经济过渡至关重要.
- 目前对包括甲在内的美国天然气部门排放的估计,往往缺乏高分辨率的空间数据和最新的测量,可能低估了气候影响.
研究的目的:
- 为2023年美国天然气行业的温室气体 (GHG) 排放提供全面和高分辨率的估计.
- 整合最新的空中测量数据并描述超级发射器事件,以改进天然气排放的生命周期评估 (LCA).
主要方法:
- 开发一个高分辨率的美国石油和天然气生产区域地图,以整合各种空间和表格数据.
- 系统地整合十多个公共和商业数据集与基于工程的单元过程生命周期评估 (LCA) 模型.
- 纳入最近的空中运动测量,以捕获甲逃逸和通风排放,包括超级发射事件.
主要成果:
- 美国天然气行业的温室气体总排放量估计为719亿二氧化碳等值,是美国环境保护局估计的两倍多.
- 平均通井传输碳强度 (CI) 为15.99 gCO2eq/MJ,上游CI为12.27 gCO2eq/MJ,中游CI为3.72 gCO2eq/MJ.
- 甲逃逸和通风排放分别占上游CI的61%和21%,明显超过燃烧贡献 (2.1%).
结论:
- 美国天然气行业的温室气体排放量被当前的官方库存大大低估了.
- 甲泄漏,特别是从逃逸的排放和通风,是该行业碳密度的主要驱动因素.
- 显著减少甲损失率对于实现天然气供应链的有意义的脱碳是必不可少的.
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