美国儿童家长报告的ADHD诊断和治疗趋势,2016-2023年
Samuel M Katz1,2, Angelika H Claussen1, Cinthya K Alberto3
1National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
概括
2020年后,儿童的ADHD诊断率上升,但治疗率下降,扩大了护理差距. 这突显了儿童获得关键的多动症干预措施的差异.
科学领域:
- 儿童神经发育障碍 儿童神经发育障碍
- 公共卫生趋势 公共卫生趋势
- 医疗保健的不平等 医疗保健的不平等
背景情况:
- 注意缺陷/多动障碍 (ADHD) 是一种流行的神经发育障碍,起源于童年,经常持续到成年.
- 诊断率显著增加,人口群体之间存在显著差异.
- 了解ADHD诊断和治疗的当前趋势对于公共卫生倡议至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 分析2016年至2023年美国儿童多动症诊断和治疗的趋势.
- 确定影响ADHD诊断和治疗差异的社会人口和临床因素.
- 评估COVID-19大流行对ADHD护理的影响.
主要方法:
- 利用美国国家儿童健康调查 (NSCH) 对3至17岁的美国儿童 (2016-2023) 的数据.
- 采用后勤回归和连接点回归分析来检查随时间的推移和子组之间的趋势.
- 专注于家长报告的ADHD诊断和治疗方式 (药物和行为).
主要成果:
- 在2019年之前,ADHD诊断的患病率保持稳定,然后在2020年后显著增加 (8.6%-10.5%).
- 从2016年到2023年,ADHD的整体治疗率下降了 (76.9%-70.8%),而药物治疗大幅下降 (62.5%-53.0%).
- 诊断趋势因种族,保险和严重程度而异;由于男性药物使用减少和女性行为治疗增加,性别治疗差异缩小.
结论:
- 在ADHD诊断和治疗率之间存在着越来越大的差距,这表明越来越少的儿童获得建议的护理.
- 研究结果强调需要采取干预措施来改善医疗保健的准入,并解决ADHD治疗的系统性障碍.
- 诊断和治疗的差异需要有针对性的策略,以确保所有患有多动症的儿童得到公平的照顾.
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