在艾滋病毒-A感染者中使用暴露前预防 (PrEP) 的追溯挑战,使用COM-B框架进行定性分析
Carina Hörst1, Hannah Kitt1, Helen Corkin1
1Blood Safety, Hepatitis, STI & HIV Division (BSHSH), UK Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom.
PloS one
|February 13, 2026
概括
预防人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV) 的障碍,包括暴露前预防 (PrEP),甚至存在于感染HIV的人身上. 解决知识差距,医疗保健提供者识别和社会耻辱对有效的艾滋病毒预防战略至关重要.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 行为科学 行为科学
背景情况:
- 尽管在英格兰提供了像暴露前预防 (PrEP) 这样的人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV) 预防,但新的艾滋病毒诊断正在增加,特别是在异性恋者和黑人中.
- 现有的研究重点是针对没有艾滋病毒的人的PrEP障碍;这项研究探讨了目前感染艾滋病毒的人的经历.
研究的目的:
- 质量地探索 retrospective 障碍和促进人体免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV) 预防和暴露前预防 (PrEP) 在艾滋病毒感染者中使用.
- 通过COM-B模型识别行为改变干预措施的可操作见解.
主要方法:
- 与26名英格兰各地的参与者进行了定性访谈 (2021年3月至2022年7月).
- 使用COM-B (能力,机会,动机,行为) 模型进行系统分析,对障碍物和促进因素进行分类.
主要成果:
- 能力障碍:人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV) /暴露前预防 (PrEP) 知识的差距,心理健康挑战.
- 机会障碍:医疗保健提供者没有识别PrEP需求,与合作伙伴的沟通问题,感知不易获得.
- 激励障碍:认为艾滋病毒风险低,PrEP耻辱,药物保留,有针对性的艾滋病毒运动.
- 促进者:prep知识,对健康控制的渴望.
结论:
- 关于人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV) 预防和暴露前预防 (PrEP) 在艾滋病毒感染者中使用障碍物和促进者的发现与没有艾滋病毒的人群中的结果相似.
- 从艾滋病毒感染者的经验中学习为人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV) 预防叙述提供了独特的见解.
- 讨论性,人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV) 和暴露前预防 (PrEP) 的结构性社会变化是持续减少艾滋病毒传播的必要条件.
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