使用物理和职业治疗评估识别未来跌倒风险的老年人:对因伤害性跌倒入院的患者进行病例对照研究
Jacob W Roden-Foreman1, Isabel Vega Calderón1, Devayani Kurlekar2
1Division of Trauma, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, 8200 Walnut Hill Lane, Dallas 75231, TX, USA.
概括
物理和职业治疗评估可以预测老年人重复跌倒的情况. 所缺陷和在步态评估期间需要帮助增加了跌倒风险,而门诊职业治疗可能会减少它.
科学领域:
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 康复医学 康复医学 康复医学
- 老年医学 老年医学
背景情况:
- 跌倒是老年人受伤和住院的主要原因.
- 预测后续跌倒对于有效的预防跌倒策略至关重要.
- 识别高风险的个人在跌倒后再接收对于有针对性的干预措施至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估物理和职业治疗评估的预测准确性,以评估老年患者随后的秋季入院情况.
- 为了确定特定的功能缺陷和排放建议,与因跌倒而导致的再接收相关联.
- 为了确定是否转诊到门诊职业治疗影响反复跌倒的风险.
主要方法:
- 使用了追溯匹配的病例控制研究设计.
- 包括65岁及以上的患者,这些患者在2015年至2019年期间因跌倒而入院.
- 一年内第二次秋季入院的病例与对照者匹配1:1,并使用贝叶斯条件后勤回归分析预测因素.
主要成果:
- 患有所缺陷 (OR=2.86),建议向熟练护理人员出院 (OR=3.06),需要最低限度的步行辅助 (OR=4.66) 或之前使用滚动步行器/滚动器 (OR=2.21) 的患者面临反复跌倒的风险增加.
- 向门诊职业治疗的转诊与随后跌倒的风险降低有关 (OR=0.26).
- 该研究包括208名患者,平均年龄为82±8岁,其中69%为女性.
结论:
- 物理和职业治疗中的功能评估和出院规划对于预测秋季再入院是有价值的.
- 功能较强,缺陷较小的患者在出院计划期间需要仔细考虑,以防止反复跌倒.
- 早期干预和持续治疗,如门诊职业治疗,可以减轻老年人随后跌倒的风险.
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