半干旱地区自然植被转化为耕地的后果:来自土壤多功能性指标的证据
Yahya Kooch1, Mahmood Tavakoli1, Fatemeh Heidari1
1Faculty of Natural Resources & Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, 46417-76489, Mazandaran, Iran.
Journal of environmental management
|February 13, 2026
概括
在半干旱地区将自然森林和牧场转化为农业,大大降低了土壤质量. 保护初级植被对于保持土壤健康,营养含量和生物多样性至关重要.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 土壤科学 土壤科学
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
背景情况:
- 半干旱地区因土地覆盖面的转型而面临着维持土壤质量和生态系统服务的挑战.
- 农业扩张往往涉及转变初级植被,影响土壤的特性和功能.
- 了解这些影响对于可持续的土地管理和保护工作至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查将原始土地覆盖面 (森林和牧场) 转化为农业用途对半干旱地区土壤质量指标的影响.
- 为了比较自然和农业场所之间的垃圾组成和土壤物理,化学和生物特性.
- 评估土壤微气候和生物特征的季节性变化.
主要方法:
- 实地研究比较伊朗北部的自然森林/牧场与相邻的农田 (F-A,R-A).
- 在夏季和秋季从1公土地上收集垃圾和土壤样本.
- 分析土壤的物理 (散密度,多孔性,稳定性),化学 (营养) 和生物 (微生物生物质,酶活性,根生物质,动物种群) 属性.
主要成果:
- 垃圾积累在自然场所高出1.6倍,与改善的土壤物理特性和1.5-2倍更高的必需营养素含量相关.
- 农业转型导致土壤微生物生物质碳和的显著减少 (13-37%).
- 土壤酶活动减少了17-55%,根生物质减少了30-84%,土壤生物种群减少了30-80%,在农业用地与自然场所相比.
结论:
- 半干旱地区的初级植被显著提高了土壤的物理特征,肥力和生物指标.
- 土地转化为农业导致土壤质量,微生物活动和生物多样性大幅下降.
- 保护自然息地和通过适应物种进行战略性恢复对于保护土壤资源和生态系统服务至关重要.
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