丹麦难民未成年人高结核病发病率:基于登记的队列研究
Kristina Langholz Kristensen1,2, Troels Lillebaek1,3, Banoo Bakir Exsteen4
1International Reference Laboratory of Mycobacteriology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)
|February 14, 2026
概括
与丹麦出生的儿童相比,难民未成年人患结核病 (TB) 的风险要高得多. 抵达时进行早期查对于低发病率国家结核病消除工作至关重要.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
背景情况:
- 在低发病率国家的难民未成年人中,结核病 (TB) 发病率未得到充分研究.
- 了解这种脆弱人群中的结核病负担对于公共卫生倡议至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 估计和比较难民未成年人与丹麦出生未成年人的结核病发病率.
- 为难民群体结核病查提供信息的国家政策和临床指南.
主要方法:
- 全国范围前性历史队列研究31172名难民未成年人 (18岁以下) 在丹麦获得居留权 (1993-2015).
- 1:6与丹麦出生的对照人群相匹配,分年龄和性别.
- 使用波桑回归估计的发病率 (IRs),随访直到结核病诊断,21岁或研究结束 (31.12.2015).
主要成果:
- 与丹麦出生的同龄人相比,难民未成年人结核病发病率 (IR) 高出48倍.
- 来自撒哈拉以南非洲的未成年难民的IR为每10万人/年203人.
- 两个群体中超过三分之一的病例患有肺外结核病;大多数难民结核病例是在抵达后2年被诊断出来的.
结论:
- 调查结果显示,在丹麦的难民未成年人中,结核病负担很大.
- 迫切需要制定国家政策和临床指导方针,以便在所有难民未成年人抵达时对结核病进行查.
- 实施查可以减少发病率,并支持全球结核病消除目标.
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