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相关概念视频

Rate-Determining Steps03:08

Rate-Determining Steps

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Relating Reaction Mechanisms
In a multistep reaction mechanism, one of the elementary steps progresses significantly slower than the others. This slowest step is called the rate-limiting step (or rate-determining step). A reaction cannot proceed faster than its slowest step, and hence, the rate-determining step limits the overall reaction rate.
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Glycolysis is divided into two phases based on whether energy is utilized or released. While the first phase consumes ATP, the second phase produces energy in the form of ATP and NADH. The energy is released over a sequence of reactions that turns G3P into pyruvate. The energy-releasing phase—steps 6-10 of glycolysis—occurs twice, once for each of the two 3-carbon sugars produced during steps 1-5 of the first phase.
The first energy-releasing step—the 6th step of glycolysis...
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In the ever-evolving field of public health, statistical analysis serves as a cornerstone for understanding and managing disease outbreaks. By leveraging various statistical tools, health professionals can predict potential outbreaks, analyze ongoing situations, and devise effective responses to mitigate impact. For that to happen, there are a few possible stages of the analysis:
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Steps in the Modeling Process01:14

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Albert Bandura's theory of observational learning identifies four critical processes: attention, retention, motor reproduction, and reinforcement or motivation.
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meta-Directing Deactivators: –NO2, –CN, –CHO, –⁠CO2R, –COR, –CO2H01:13

meta-Directing Deactivators: –NO2, –CN, –CHO, –⁠CO2R, –COR, –CO2H

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All meta-directing substituents are deactivating groups. These substituents withdraw electrons from the aromatic ring, making the ring less reactive toward electrophilic substitution. For example, the nitration of nitrobenzene is 100,000 times slower than that of benzene because of the deactivating effect of the nitro group. The first step in an electrophilic aromatic substitution is the addition of an electrophile to form a resonance-stabilized carbocation. The energy diagrams for...
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When it comes to studying the behavior of objects in mechanics, one of the most important tools available is the free-body diagram. Consider a simple example of a system of two blocks coupled by a massless string over a frictionless pulley. Block 1 is sliding over a table pulled by block 2 as block 2 falls under gravity.
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预测USMLE第二步表现的预测因素

Mandeep Kaur1, Matthew Y C Lin2, Adnan Alseidi2,3

  • 1University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, United States.

Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges
|February 14, 2026
PubMed
概括

随着USMLE Step 1现在通过/失败,以前的标准化测试成绩,如MCAT和NBME学科考试预测USMLE Step 2 CK表现. 手术,神经病学和精神病学NBME考试是主要的预测因素.

关键词:
这是NBME的NBME.美国医疗执照考试第二步关于许可或认证的问题.标准化的测试测试标准化测试本科医学教育 本科医学教育

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科学领域:

  • 医学教育 医学教育
  • 标准化测试标准化测试
  • 医学执照考试 医学执照考试

背景情况:

  • 美国医学执照考试 (USMLE) 第二步临床知识 (CK) 评分预测培训中的考试成绩.
  • USMLE第一步在2022年过渡到通过/失败等级.
  • 确定第二步CK的预测因子对于医学学生的评估至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 确定预测USMLE第二步CK分数的因素.
  • 为了比较先前标准化测试成绩的预测能力.
  • 为可能表现不佳的学生提供干预信息.

主要方法:

  • 600名医学学生 (UCSF,入学2016-2019年) 的横截面研究.
  • 收集了医学院招生考试 (MCAT),综合基础科学考试 (CBSE),内部块考试 (OEQ) 和国家医学检查委员会 (NBME) 科目考试的得分.
  • 利用多变量回归模型来评估得分可预测性.

主要成果:

  • 一个包括MCAT百分位数,CBSE分数,NBME学科考试 (神经病学,精神病学,外科) 和内部分区考试的模型解释了第二步CK分数变化的45%.
  • 在手术中的NBME受试者检查显示出最强的预测值 (β = 0.212,P < .001).
  • 神经学,精神病学和外科NBME考试成绩成为第二步表现的最重要的预测指标.

结论:

  • 之前的标准化测试成绩,特别是NBME学科考试,预测了USMLE Step 2 CK分数.
  • 研究结果支持对表现不佳学生的早期干预.
  • 优化测试成绩可以在强大的简历的同时,提高住院匹配的成功率.