男性和女性在认知衰老和死亡风险方面的差异:基于轨迹的方法
Elena Lobo1,2,3, Concepción De la Cámara4,5,6,7, Patricia Gracia-García4,5,6,8
1Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Domingo Miral S/N, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain. elobo@unizar.es.
GeroScience
|February 14, 2026
概括
认知衰退轨迹预测了老年人死亡风险,更的衰退与男性和女性的更高风险有关. 然而,死亡率的预测因素在两性之间存在显著差异.
科学领域:
- 老年学是指老年学的学科.
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 认知轨迹与老年人死亡率之间的关系是研究的一个关键领域.
- 之前的研究还没有充分探讨这种关联的性别特异性差异.
研究的目的:
- 调查男性和女性之间的假设差异在认知轨迹和死亡率之间的关联.
- 确定与认知衰退相关的死亡率的性别特定预测因素.
主要方法:
- 利用了来自ZARADEMP研究 (N=2403) 的数据,对55岁以上的认知健康的西班牙成年人进行了12年的随访.
- 使用微型心理状态检查 (MMSE) 通过生长混合模型 (GMM) 获得的认知轨迹.
- 使用考克斯比例危险模型评估死亡风险,对共变量进行调整,并分析死亡预测因素.
主要成果:
- 更急剧的认知衰退与两性死亡风险的增加有关.
- 在男性中,下降的低和稳定的中等轨迹分别显示出133%和36%的死亡风险,而不是稳定的高.
- 在女性中,下降的低和稳定的中等轨迹分别显示133%和30%的风险增加;在女性中观察到明显的梯度,但男性没有.
结论:
- 这项研究揭示了认知衰退轨迹与死亡率之间的关联中性别差异显著.
- 医学条件预测男性的死亡率,而心理社会和功能变量预测女性的死亡率.
- 特定于性别的策略可能是必要的,以减轻与认知能力下降相关的死亡风险.
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