铁路司机对典型危险场景的生理反应:专业司机和学生司机之间的差异
Zizheng Guo1, Junjie Tang2, Mingrui Li2
1School of Transportation and Logistics, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China; Intelligent Comprehensive Transportation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610031, China.
Accident; analysis and prevention
|February 15, 2026
概括
与学生相比,专业的铁路司机在应对铁路危险时表现出增强的认知处理和神经效率. 他们的大脑活动模式因障碍物大小,动力和速度而异,这为安全培训提供了信息.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 铁路安全工程 铁路安全工程
背景情况:
- 意外的物体入侵铁路构成重大安全风险,需要对驾驶员反应进行研究.
- 目前关于铁路司机对危险的反应的研究是有限的,特别是关于生理和认知方面的研究.
- 铁路司机是对事故的最后防御,使他们的神经生理反应对意想不到的入侵至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 研究专业铁路司机对各种危险场景的神经生理和认知反应.
- 为了比较专业司机的反应与学生参与者的反应.
- 确定障碍特征,动力和速度等因素如何影响驾驶员的认知负载和大脑活动.
主要方法:
- 招募专业的铁路司机和学生参与驾驶任务.
- 在暴露于四种不同的危险场景期间收集的脑电图 (EEG) 数据.
- 对EEG数据进行时间域和频域分析,以评估神经活动.
主要成果:
- 与学生相比,专业司机表现出优越的神经资源分配,认知集成,执行控制,决策和视觉处理.
- 专业驾驶员报告了更高的主观危险评级,表明感知到的风险更大.
- 根据危险类型出现了不同的EEG模式:大障碍诱导了持续的认知负载,小障碍导致了稳定的认知提升,动态场景增强了视觉空间激活,更高的速度增加了对执行功能的认知需求.
结论:
- 专业知识显著影响了对铁路危险的神经生理反应,专业驾驶员表现出更有效的认知处理.
- 特定的危险特征 (体积,动力,速度) 差异调节专业驾驶员的认知负载和大脑激活.
- 研究结果提供了开发有针对性的培训计划和神经认知框架以提高铁路安全的证据.
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