将大型语言模型与心理上有基础的因果推理模型增强为不确定性下的规划
Semanti Basu1, Moon Hwan Kim1, Semir Tatlidil2
1Computer Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.
Frontiers in artificial intelligence
|February 16, 2026
概括
将人类因果模型与大型语言模型 (LLM) 整合起来,可以显著改善AI在不确定性下进行规划. 这种混合方法提高了对象组装和故障排除等复杂任务的决策能力.
科学领域:
- 人工智能的人工智能
- 认知科学 认知科学
背景情况:
- 大型语言模型 (LLM) 在模式识别方面表现出色,但在不确定性下难以做出决策.
- 人类的推理利用明确的因果模型来更好地解释,在不确定的情况下产生假设和推断.
研究的目的:
- 研究人类因果模型与LLMs的战略整合.
- 增强对象组装和故障排除任务的规划结果,以部分可观测的马尔科夫决策过程 (POMDPs) 为模型.
主要方法:
- 开发了一个交互式LLM代理来规划POMDP框架内的特定任务的行动.
- 引入了一个混合推理框架,将LLM信心分数与人类因果模型洞察力结合起来,用于最终的行动选择.
主要成果:
- 在三个最先进的法学士课程中,在任务规划奖励方面取得了显著的改善.
- 通过详细的模拟,展示了通过人类因果模型增强基线LLM规划者的有效性.
结论:
- 整合人类因果模型的混合推理框架为改善在不确定的规划场景中LLM绩效提供了有希望的方向.
- 拟议的方法提高了AI代理人的决策稳定性和任务成功率.
相关概念视频
01:27Language and Cognition
829
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
829
01:21Cognitive Learning
1.4K
Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
1.4K
01:37Reason and Intuition
7.5K
The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
7.5K
01:17Cognitivism
3.1K
Cognitive psychology emerged as a significant field in the mid-20th century. It focused on understanding humans' internal mental processes. This approach emphasizes how people perceive, remember, think, and solve problems—elements critical to human cognition.
Previously dominated by behaviorism, which prioritized observable behaviors and largely ignored mental processes, psychology transformed in the 1950s. Cognitive psychologists argue that understanding how we think and process...
Previously dominated by behaviorism, which prioritized observable behaviors and largely ignored mental processes, psychology transformed in the 1950s. Cognitive psychologists argue that understanding how we think and process...
3.1K
01:22Purposive Learning
531
E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a...
531
01:19Counterfactual Thinking
286
Counterfactual thinking is a cognitive process wherein individuals mentally reconstruct alternative versions of past events, often beginning with “what if” or “if only.” This reflective mechanism plays a significant role in shaping emotional experiences and guiding future behavior. Though typically triggered by unfavorable or unexpected outcomes, counterfactual thinking can also emerge in mundane, everyday decisions and experiences, revealing its deep entrenchment in...
286