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地方人工智能发展的案例:在南非的前矿工中,从计算机辅助的结核病和病检测中吸取教训

Sean Terespolsky¹, Annalee Yassi², Rodney Ehrlich³

¹School of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.

Annals of global health

|February 16, 2026

概括

在当地开发人工智能 (AI) 计算机辅助检测 (CAD) 系统,针对南非矿工的结核病 (TB) 和病至关重要. 地方发展确保人工智能工具对不同的人口来说是准确和公平的,避免在外部系统中发现的偏见.

科学领域:

职业健康职业健康职业健康
医疗成像医学成像
人工智能的人工智能

背景情况:

在南非的矿业部门,病和结核病 (TB) 的共同流行病不成比例地影响了移民工人.
对胸部X射线 (CXR) 查的限制加剧了健康差异.
现有的基于人工智能 (AI) 的结核病计算机辅助检测 (CAD) 系统在暴露于二氧化的人群中缺乏验证,可能含有偏见.

研究的目的:

描述开发用于结核病和病的AI CAD系统的挑战.
介绍地方公共部门发展倡议对AI CAD的好处.
使用本地和国际数据集,提供AI CAD偏差的经验证据.

主要方法:

利用了2000个CXRs的当地数据集,这些CXR来自暴露于的南非矿工.
包含公开可用的国际CXR数据集和预训练的CAD模型.
采用缩小维度分析和可视化技术来评估CAD性能和偏差.

主要成果:

当地CXR形成了一个与国际图像分开的独特集群,表明了人口特异性的差异.
与结核病检测相比,图像分辨率降低不成比例地降低了病检测.
仅靠准确度指标就不足以衡量临床可靠性,并且可能会掩盖部署失败.

结论:

当地公共部门的AI CAD开发是对外部开发的系统的可行替代方案,这些系统可能会排除服务不足的人群.
解决AI CAD缺陷需要具有人口代表性的数据集和透明的开源开发实践.
当地专业知识可以将AI CAD转化为一个适合环境的诊断和公平的AI部署的工具.

关键词:

人工智能的人工智能是人工智能.计算机辅助检测 (CAD) 是一种计算机辅助检测.数字殖民主义数字殖民主义地方发展局部发展在化中形成的化.结核病 (TB) 是一种疾病.

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