相关实验视频
Updated: Feb 17, 2026

07:47
Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task
Published on: January 9, 2016
16.1K
确定时间折扣中日期/延迟效应的感知解释
1School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.
Experimental psychology
|February 16, 2026
概括
人们更喜欢更小,更早的奖励,而不是更大,更晚的奖励. 然而,有终止日期的奖励被认为比有延迟的奖励更短,这影响了时间折扣.
科学领域:
- 行为经济学是一种行为经济学.
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 决策科学 决策科学 决策科学
背景情况:
- 时间折扣描述了对较小,较早 (SS) 奖励的偏好,而不是较大,较晚 (LL) 奖励的偏好.
- 这种折扣效应是由时间的表示方式所调节的,与延迟相比,结束日期减少了效应.
- 差异时间估计假设表明,结束日期被认为是比等效延迟更短的持续时间.
研究的目的:
- 客观地调查关于日期/延迟效应的差异时间估计假设.
- 量化对时间持续时间的主观感知,当它作为结束日期与延迟日期呈现时.
- 用主观评级表来解决先前研究的方法限制.
主要方法:
- 两个在线实验 (N=140,N=80) 使用了心理物理歧视任务.
- 参与者比较了以结束日期或延迟数天的方式呈现的持续时间.
- 客观的时间决定被用来评估感知到的持续时间差异.
主要成果:
- 观察到一个一致的偏差,日期被认为比相当的延迟更短.
- 主观平等点 (PSE) 量化了这种偏差,揭示了大约83% (研究1) 和93% (研究2) 的延迟到日期比率.
- 这些发现提供了客观证据,支持差异时间估计假设.
结论:
- 时间的框架 (终日与延迟) 方式显著影响主观的持续时间感知.
- 这种感知偏差影响时间折扣行为,支持差异时间估计假设.
- 客观心理物理方法为研究时间感知偏差提供了一个强大的方法.
相关概念视频
Timing and Consequences on Behavior
452
In operant conditioning, the timing of reinforcement is crucial. For animals like rats and cats, immediate reinforcement (within a few seconds) is much more effective than delayed reinforcement. For example, a food reward for a rat needs to follow within 30 seconds of pressing a bar to be effective.
Humans, however, can respond to delayed reinforcers. We often make decisions between immediate small rewards and delayed larger rewards. This ability to delay gratification is a significant...
Humans, however, can respond to delayed reinforcers. We often make decisions between immediate small rewards and delayed larger rewards. This ability to delay gratification is a significant...
452
Framing Effects
8.0K
Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in...
8.0K
Factors Affecting Perception
2.8K
Perception is influenced by perceptual set, context, motivation, and emotion. Perceptual set, or perceptual expectancy, refers to the tendency to perceive things in a particular way, influenced by previous experiences and expectations. This phenomenon affects the interpretation of stimuli, creating a set of mental tendencies and assumptions that impact sensory perceptions of sound, taste, touch, and sight.
An illustrative example of a perceptual set is the scenario where an airline pilot told...
An illustrative example of a perceptual set is the scenario where an airline pilot told...
2.8K
Reason and Intuition
7.5K
The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
7.5K
First Impression
243
First impressions play a crucial role in social perception, shaping how individuals assess others in professional, academic, and interpersonal contexts. Psychological research highlights the significance of cognitive biases, such as the primacy and recency effects, which influence how people interpret and recall information.The Primacy Effect and Cognitive AnchoringThe primacy effect describes the tendency for initial information to impact judgment disproportionately. When individuals encounter...
243
The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic
7.8K
In order to make good decisions, we use our knowledge and our reasoning. Often, this knowledge and reasoning is sound and solid. However, sometimes, we are swayed by biases or by others manipulating a situation. For example, let’s say you and three friends wanted to rent a house and had a combined target budget of $1,600. The realtor shows you only very run-down houses for $1,600 and then shows you a very nice house for $2,000. Might you ask each person to pay more in rent to get the...
7.8K

