医学中的人类-人工智能系统:超越技能与新技能对比
Timothy Daly1,2
1Bioethics Program, FLACSO Argentina, Tucumán 1966, C1050 AAN, Buenos Aires, Argentina. tdaly@flacso.org.ar.
Annals of biomedical engineering
|February 17, 2026
概括
人工智能 (AI) 在医学上提供了两条路径:"超越技能"来增强现有的人类任务,冒着失业的风险,以及"新技能"来发现新的见解. 谨慎的AI设计和应用对于有益的生物医学进步至关重要.
科学领域:
- 生物医学工程 生物医学工程
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 人工智能在医学中的应用
背景情况:
- 人工智能 (AI) 在生物医学领域越来越多地被采用.
- 人工智能作为一种"工具"的确切性质需要定义,特别是在医学诊断中.
- 卷积神经网络 (CNN) 从图像中学习统计模式,从而实现各种应用.
研究的目的:
- 在医学诊断中区分人类-人工智能相互作用的两个主要模式:超技能和新技能.
- 分析每个交互模式对临床实践和科学发现的影响.
- 为医疗保健中人工智能工具的设计和应用提供信息.
主要方法:
- 在医学诊断中使用人工智能工具的概念分析.
- 以人工智能辅助的息肉检测 (计算机辅助诊断,CADx) 作为超能力的一个例子的案例研究.
- 来自 fundus 图像的 AI 衍生"视网膜年龄差距"的案例研究作为新技能的一个例子.
主要成果:
- 超技能,以多检测CADx为例,旨在增加人类的表现,但风险脱技能没有明确的结果好处.
- "新技能"涉及人工智能发现超出人类推断能力的新变量 (例如",视网膜年龄差距"),培养新的科学见解.
- 这种区别突出了人工智能诱导非培训的潜在风险与人工智能驱动的发现的好处.
结论:
- 人工智能应用程序的设计应该区分增强现有任务和实现新发现.
- 有关如何以及何时使用人工智能工具的审慎判断对于最大限度地提高医疗效益和减轻医疗风险至关重要.
- 未来的人工智能开发必须考虑在增强当前能力和培养新的科学和临床见解之间的平衡.
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