开展WASH干预的过程评估:对低收入和中等收入国家的设计方法和指标进行范围审查
Jedidiah S Snyder1, Erika Canda1, Lilly A O'Brien1
1Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
Implementation science communications
|February 18, 2026
概括
水,环境卫生和卫生 (WASH) 干预措施中的过程评估正在增长. 本综述综合了方法,指标和框架,以改善低收入和中等收入国家 (LMICs) 的实施科学.
科学领域:
- 实施科学 实施科学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 水,环境卫生和卫生 (WASH)
背景情况:
- 过程评估对于理解在现实环境中的干预交付和适应至关重要.
- 它在WASH领域的应用,特别是在低收入和中等收入国家 (LMICs),需要进一步的文档和标准化.
- 本综述旨在综合在LMICs的WASH干预中现有的流程评估方法.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和综合在LMICs的WASH干预中使用的过程评估方法.
- 确定使用的共同框架,方法,数据类型和流程指标.
- 为在WASH领域提供一个更系统,框架导向和可操作的以实施为中心的评估提供基础.
主要方法:
- 在五个电子数据库中进行系统的文献搜索和对灰色文献的宣传.
- 从2008年1月起,包括同行评审和灰色文献,以评估过程或对LMIC中WASH干预措施的忠实性评估.
- 在六个标准领域中提取研究特征,框架使用,方法,数据类型和过程指标的数据.
主要成果:
- 包括24项关于各种WASH干预措施的研究,其中16项使用概念或理论框架.
- 大多数研究 (63%) 使用混合方法 (定量和定性),而其他研究仅使用定量方法 (29%) 或定性方法 (8%).
- 在六个领域确定了33个定量和16个定性过程指标:忠实性,递送剂量,接收剂量 (暴露/满意度),覆盖范围和招聘.
结论:
- 过程评估对于加强WASH干预越来越重要,但定义,测量和报告的不一致性仍然存在.
- 标准化报告和故意的框架应用可以提高实施评估的清晰度和可比性.
- 本综述提供了指标和数据类型的综合框架,以支持WASH中更加透明,标准化和框架导向的流程评估.
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