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Catalysis

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.

Introduction to Mechanisms of Enzyme Catalysis

Introduction to Mechanisms of Enzyme Catalysis

For many years, scientists thought that enzyme-substrate binding took place in a simple "lock-and-key" fashion. This model stated that the enzyme and substrate fit together perfectly in one instantaneous step. However, current research supports a more refined view scientists call induced fit. The induced-fit model expands upon the lock-and-key model by describing a more dynamic interaction between enzyme and substrate. As the enzyme and substrate come together, their interaction causes...

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Potassium Permanganate

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Potassium Permanganate

Alkenes can be dihydroxylated using potassium permanganate. The method encompasses the reaction of an alkene with a cold, dilute solution of potassium permanganate under basic conditions to form a cis-diol along with a brown precipitate of manganese dioxide.

Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis

Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis

In ozonolysis, ozone is used to cleave a carbon–carbon double bond to form aldehydes and ketones, or carboxylic acids, depending on the work-up.
Ozone is a symmetrical bent molecule stabilized by a resonance structure.

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Updated: Feb 19, 2026

Development of Heterogeneous Enantioselective Catalysts using Chiral Metal-Organic Frameworks MOFs

Development of Heterogeneous Enantioselective Catalysts using Chiral Metal-Organic Frameworks MOFs

Published on: January 17, 2020

用地表氧气控制异质催化.

Arved C Dorst^1,2, Zhikai Jiang³, Maxwell Gillum⁴

¹Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)

|February 18, 2026

概括

此摘要是机器生成的。

在表面的地下氧气改变一氧化碳 (CO) 的氧化. 没有它,二氧化碳以高能量去吸收;用它,二氧化碳热化,影响催化活性.

关键词:

在Rh表面上的CO氧化.DFT计算的计算方法离子成像技术离子成像分子束表面散射的分子束.地下氧气是地球表面的氧气.

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Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics

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Published on: April 12, 2019

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Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics

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Published on: April 12, 2019

科学领域:

不同质的催化剂.
表面科学是一门科学.
化学动力学化学动力学

背景情况:

表面在催化过程中至关重要,特别是在CO氧化过程中.
表面的氧物种显著影响罗的催化反应性.
表面下氧气可以在上形成,可能改变反应途径.

研究的目的:

为了研究地下氧气对单晶Rh表面的CO氧化作用.
了解地下氧气如何改变反应动态和产物脱氧.
阐明地下氧气在上CO氧化机制中的作用.

主要方法:

分子束表面散射实验. 分子束表面散射实验.
用于产品分析的离子成像技术.
超高真空 (UHV) 表面科学方法.
密度函数理论 (DFT) 的计算.

主要成果:

在没有地下氧气的情况下在Rh2x1) -O附加层上氧化CO,产生高热CO2脱氧,表明从过渡状态直接释放能量.
地下氧气的存在导致了热化的CO2速度分布.
DFT计算显示,一种受益的化学吸收状态与地下氧形成,暂时捕获二氧化碳进行热化.

结论:

表面下氧气从根本上改变了 CO 氧化反应在上的动态.
地下氧气形成一个暂时的化学吸收状态,导致产品的热化.
了解这些影响对于设计高效的基催化剂至关重要.