马对六周高强度间歇和中等强度持续训练的生理适应:一项随机交叉研究
Kazutaka Mukai1, Yuji Takahashi1, Yusaku Ebisuda1
1Sports Science Division, Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi, Japan.
Physiological reports
|February 18, 2026
概括
高强度间歇训练 (HIIT) 比中等强度持续训练 (MICT) 显著提高纯种马的表现和生理适应. 两种训练类型都提高了最大的氧气吸收,但HIIT在耐力和速度方面表现出更好的收益.
科学领域:
- 马体运动生理学 马体运动生理学
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 动物训练 动物训练
背景情况:
- 了解最佳训练策略对于提高纯种马的运动表现至关重要.
- 高强度间歇训练 (HIIT) 和中等强度持续训练 (MICT) 是常见的方法,但它们在马体育运动员中的比较有效性需要进一步研究.
- 对训练的生理适应,包括心血管功能和代谢反应,是提高表现的关键指标.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较6周HIIT与未经训练的纯血统马匹的距离匹配MICT引起的生理适应.
- 测试HIIT引发运动表现和生理标志物比MICT更大的改善的假设.
主要方法:
- 七匹未经训练的纯血统马经历了两个距离匹配的跑步机训练协议 (MICT和HIIT) 在随机交叉设计中.
- 培训包括每周三次会议,持续六周,协议之间有三个月的休息时间.
- 在基线和3周和6周训练后,使用增量运动测试来评估生理反应和运动表现.
主要成果:
- 与MICT相比,HIIT导致在跑步距离到疲劳 (+29% vs. +4.5%),最大氧气吸收速度 (+9.8% vs. +2.4%) 和最大心率速度 (+15% vs. +4.3%) 的显著改善.
- 血乳酸10 mmol/L的速度仅在HIIT后增加 (+13%对MICT的+6.0%).
- 这两种方案同样改善了最大氧气吸收 (+13%) 和最大心脏输出 (+7%-8%).
结论:
- 尽管与MICT相匹配,但HIIT在纯种马的运动表现,心血管功能和乳酸动力学方面取得了卓越的改善.
- 训练强度似乎是马匹运动员训练适应的一个关键决定因素.
- HIIT可能是一个更有效的训练策略来提高纯种马的表现.
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