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两种GI-13传染性支气管炎病毒株在中国的致病性和生物信息学分析

Juan Jin¹, Li Zhao¹, Yingjun Lv¹

¹College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China, njau.edu.cn.

Transboundary and emerging diseases

|February 18, 2026

概括

中国的两种新型传染性支气管炎病毒 (IBV) 菌株表现出不同的致病性和基因组进化. 一种菌株具有高度毒性和重组性,而另一种菌株具有较低的病原性,这凸显了对新的IBV疫苗的需求.

科学领域:

兽医病毒学兽医病毒学
禽类疾病研究研究
分子流行病学分子流行病学

背景情况:

传染性支气管炎病毒 (IBV) 由于其高流行率和遗传多样性,对全球家禽产业构成重大威胁.
现有的疫苗接种和控制策略受到IBV的不断演变的挑战.
新型IBV菌株需要进行表征,以了解它们对家禽健康和疫苗有效性的影响.

研究的目的:

描述两种新的GI-13 (4/91-like) IBV野外菌株,CK/CH/JS/2302和CK/CH/AH/2307,这些菌株是从中国的疫苗接种 brojler 群中分离出来的.
阐明这些IBV菌株的致病性,基因组特征和进化关系.
评估遗传变异对疫苗交叉保护的潜在影响,并为未来的疫苗开发提供信息.

主要方法:

从H120疫苗接种的肉群中分离和描述IBV野外菌株.
通过观察临床症状,严重病变和死亡率来评估致病性.
全基因组测序和遗传学分析以确定基因组特征和进化模式.
对S1蛋白的序列和结构建模,重点关注超变区 (HVR).

主要成果:

确定了两个不同的GI-13IBV菌株,CK/CH/JS/2302 (高度毒性) 和CK/CH/AH/2307 (低致病性).
CK/CH/JS/2302表现出具有不同IBV基因型段的重组基因组,并引起严重症状,包括10%的死亡率.
CK/CH/AH/2307与4/91疫苗菌株具有很高的基因组相似性,但受损了气管纤维活动;S1HVR中的氨基酸替代可能会影响抗原性和疫苗疗效.

结论:

该研究表明,在中国的同一血统中,有毒的复合性和低致病性IBV变种的共存.
重组和免疫选择是IBV进化的关键驱动因素,导致可能逃避现有的疫苗诱导免疫力的菌株.
持续的分子监测和基因型特定疫苗的开发对于有效控制新出现的4/91样IBV变种和减少家禽行业的经济损失至关重要.

关键词:

美国GI-13 感染性支气管炎病毒感染性支气管炎病毒病原性病原性病原性人类的基因组学.再组合的复合方式.

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