在西班牙的疫苗学士课程:全国系统的环境扫描和Delphi-informed核心课程提案
Abelardo Claudio Fernández-Chávez1,2, Jesús María Aranaz Andrés1,2, Daniel Leonardo Sánchez-Carmona3
1Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
Frontiers in public health
|February 18, 2026
概括
在西班牙,士级疫苗学培训是分散的. 提出了一个新的,基于能力的课程,以标准化教育,提高劳动力准备,并与国际标准保持一致.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 疫苗学教育 疫苗学教育
- 课程开发 课程开发
背景情况:
- 西班牙的士级疫苗学培训是分散的,缺乏标准化的能力.
- 现有的课程往往是非官方的,有异质的结构,对关键领域的覆盖范围不均.
- 这种碎片化阻碍了劳动力准备和疫苗学的国际可比性.
研究的目的:
- 绘制西班牙士级疫苗学课程的国家格局.
- 为未来的官方士课程制定基于共识的,以能力为导向的核心课程.
- 解决疫苗学教育中协调标准的需要.
主要方法:
- 在全国范围内进行了士课程的系统环境扫描.
- 提取了关于课程结构,内容和能力的数据.
- 使用多学科专家的修改后的Delphi流程,就核心课程框架达成共识.
主要成果:
- 七个士课程符合入学标准;只有一个是官方的国家监管学位.
- 在课程结构,ECTS学分 (24-120),交付格式和学费方面观察到显著的异质性.
- 监管,健康经济学,风险沟通和实践培训等关键主题的不一致报道被注意到.
- 开发了一个由八个领域组成的60 ECTS核心课程框架,具有基于能力的学习成果.
结论:
- 西班牙士级疫苗学教育在关键领域表现出显著的异质性和差距.
- 一个协调的,基于能力的核心课程对于计划重新设计和质量保证至关重要.
- 拟议的框架将加强劳动力准备,使西班牙培训与国际期望保持一致.
相关概念视频
Vaccinations
52.0K
Overview
52.0K
Principles of Disease Surveillance
601
Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
601
Development of Immunocompetence
1.0K
The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
1.0K
Introduction to Epidemiology
2.0K
Epidemiology, known as the cornerstone of public health, involves studying the distribution and determinants of health-related events in defined populations and applying these insights to control health issues. This is essential for understanding how diseases spread, identifying populations at greater risk, and implementing measures to control or prevent outbreaks. Epidemiology addresses not only infectious diseases but also non-communicable conditions like cancer and cardiovascular disease,...
2.0K
Study Designs in Epidemiology
1.1K
Epidemiological study designs are fundamental tools for investigating the distribution, determinants, and control of health conditions in populations. They help researchers understand the relationships between exposures and outcomes, and they broadly fall into two categories: "observational" and "experimental" studies.
Observational studies are those where the researcher does not intervene but rather observes natural variations. They include cross-sectional, cohort, and...
Observational studies are those where the researcher does not intervene but rather observes natural variations. They include cross-sectional, cohort, and...
1.1K
Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics
1.2K
Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
1.2K


