在印度 (2017-2024) 的学校和集体环境中进行综合性结核病查和预防治疗:一项前性研究
Kunchok Dorjee1,2,3, Sonam Topgyal4, Rajesh K Sood5
1Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia
|February 18, 2026
概括
在印度藏族社区,全面的结核病查和治疗计划显著减少了83%的结核病发病率和32%的结核病感染率. 这些发现突显了现有的结核病控制工具在高负担环境中的有效性.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 传染病流行病学 传染病流行病学
- 全球健康 全球健康
背景情况:
- 现有的结核病 (TB) 消除策略的影响有限,结核病预防治疗 (TPT) 的采用率低于最佳.
- 在COVID-19大流行后,结核病发病率有所增加,因此需要来自高负担社区的真实证据.
- 需要有效的策略来减少结核病的传播和负担.
研究的目的:
- 评估综合性结核病查和TPT计划在集体环境中的影响.
- 评估结核病的减少,结核病感染 (TBI) 和结核素皮肤测试 (TST) 的转化.
- 为未来的结核病消除战略提供证据.
主要方法:
- 自2017年以来,在印度的63所藏族社区研究所实施了儿童零结核病 (ZTBK) 计划.
- 对20,068人 (67,637人/年) 进行结核病和TBI的查.
- 将TPT给3847名参与者,并定期测量结核病结局.
主要成果:
- 结核病发病率下降了83% (2017-2024年),而TBI患病率下降了32%.
- 没有先前查的研究所有更高的结核病发病率 (640/100,000) 和TBI患病率 (28%).
- 观察到一群的好处,没有接受TPT的人群的结核病减少了84%,在学童中,TPT降低了82%的结核病风险.
结论:
- 使用现有的结核病控制工具可以实现对结核病传播和负担的显著减少.
- 建议学校和结核病负担较高的聚集环境广泛采用TBI监测和TPT.
- 该ZTBK计划证明了综合查和TPT在减少弱势群体结核病的有效性.
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