术后结果和健康差异:改变医疗保健
Odinakachukwu A Ehie1, Arthur W Wood1, Odmara L Barreto Chang1
1Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, United States.
Journal of the National Medical Association
|February 18, 2026
概括
医疗保健中的种族和民族差异仍然存在,受到社会决定因素和无意识偏见的影响. 本综述检查了所有手术阶段的这些差异,以改善患者的治疗结果.
科学领域:
- 医疗保健服务研究 医疗服务研究
- 医学社会学 医学社会学
- 健康 公平 卫生 公平
背景情况:
- 在医疗保健系统中,种族和族群之间存在持续的健康差异.
- 健康的社会决定因素 (SDOH),通常与种族/族裔有关,显著影响健康结果,但经常被低估.
- 有限的研究解决了医学的无意识偏见,尽管有证据表明对少数群体的护理不公平.
研究的目的:
- 评估跨种族和种族健康结果的差异.
- 为了检查这些差异在术前,术后和术后的背景下.
- 突出SDOH的低估作用和外科护理中的无意识偏见.
主要方法:
- 系统的文献审查.
- 对现有关于手术护理种族/民族差异研究的分析.
- 经过手术后期结果的评估,按种族和民族分层分层.
主要成果:
- 种族和民族少数群体在外科手术健康结果方面存在显著差异.
- SDOH和无意识的偏见导致不公平的护理,超出了传统的并发症解释.
- 有证据表明,在整个外科手术前期,少数群体的护理质量较差.
结论:
- 解决手术护理中的种族和民族差异需要采取全面的方法.
- 干预措施必须考虑SDOH并减轻无意识的偏见,以改善外科手术后的结果.
- 需要进一步的研究,以充分理解和消除在所有人群的手术护理不平等.
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