无标签的微RNA诊断:从CRISPR核酶到纳米材料增强型传感器
Luoluo Feng1, Peng Yu2, Na He1
1School of Biology and Food Engineering, Suzhou University of Technology, Changshu, Jiangsu Province 215500, China.
ACS synthetic biology
|February 19, 2026
概括
使用CRISPR系统和纳米材料的无标签检测为诊断提供了灵敏,快速的微RNA (miRNA) 分析. 这种方法绕过了传统的标签,使得护理点的应用和早期疾病检测成为可能.
科学领域:
- 生物分子工程 生物分子工程
- 分子诊断学 分子诊断
- 纳米技术 纳米技术
背景情况:
- 微RNAs (miRNAs) 是关键的基因调节剂和疾病生物标志物.
- 传统的miRNA检测需要标记和放大,限制了护理点的使用.
- 无标签的生物传感提供了快速,无放大分析.
研究的目的:
- 审查最近在无标签微RNA生物感知方面的进展.
- 要突出CRISPR系统和纳米材料的整合.
- 讨论miRNA诊断方面的挑战和未来趋势.
主要方法:
- 基于CRISPR的系统 (Cas12a,Cas13a,Cas14a) 用于目标识别和信号传导.
- 纳米材料平台包括纳米粒子,纳米管,量子点和磁性复合材料.
- 无标签地将分子识别转化为光学,电化学或机械信号.
主要成果:
- 获得了原子分子敏感性和单核酸歧视.
- 证明了多重检测能力.
- 将生物传感器集成到微流体和可穿戴平台中.
结论:
- 无标签,基于CRISPR和纳米材料增强的miRNA检测显示出对敏感和快速诊断的希望.
- 克服稳定性,防和临床翻译方面的挑战至关重要.
- 未来的方向包括人工智能辅助处理和智能医疗保健的数字单分子生物传感.
相关概念视频
MicroRNAs
MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
CRISPR
Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short...
Riboswitches
Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
The aptamer has high specificity for a particular metabolite which allows riboswitches to specifically regulate...
The aptamer has high specificity for a particular metabolite which allows riboswitches to specifically regulate...
CRISPR and crRNAs
Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
CRISPR
Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short...


