在小边游戏期间心血管负荷变化的决定因素:游戏格式,发作强度和约约间歇性恢复性能的影响
Aleksandra Kisilewicz1, Małgorzata Smoter2, Robert Trybulski3,4
1Faculty of Medicine, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland.
Journal of sports science & medicine
|February 19, 2026
概括
足球运动员在小边比赛 (SSG) 期间心率平均强度更高,与心血管负载变化率较低有关. 游戏格式和有氧健身并没有显著预测这种变化.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 足球表现分析 足球表现分析
背景情况:
- 了解青少年足球中的心血管负荷变化对于优化训练至关重要.
- 小边游戏 (SSG) 是常见的训练工具,但它们对玩家内心血管反应变异性的影响需要进一步研究.
- 以前的研究还没有清楚地确定青少年运动员在SSG期间心血管负荷变化的主要驱动因素.
研究的目的:
- 研究SSG期间心血管负荷变化与游戏格式 (3v3对5v5),间歇性有氧能力和平均心率强度之间的关联.
- 为了确定哪个因素 - - 游戏格式,有氧健身或平均心率强度 - - 能够最强烈地预测19岁以下男性足球运动员内球员心血管负荷变化.
主要方法:
- 一个随机的,反平衡的交叉设计被用在60名19岁以下的男性足球运动员身上.
- 玩家参加了3v3和5v5的SSG,在每种格式的4场3分钟比赛中持续监测心率 (HR).
- 心血管变异性用发作水平平均HR的变化系数 (CV%) 来量化,并通过Yo-Yo间歇恢复测试1级 (Yo-Yo IR1) 来评估间歇性有氧能力.
主要成果:
- 平均HR强度在3v3 (180.9 ± 2.8 bpm) 与5v5 (173.6 ± 3.6 bpm) 相比显著更高 (p < 0.001).
- 玩家之间的变化率 (CV%) 在5v5 (2.61 ± 1.21%) 比在3v3 (1.97 ± 0.81%) 更高.
- 线性混合效应建模显示,只有平均HR强度显著预测了心血管变化 (p = 0.019),更高的强度与更低的变化有关. SSG格式和Yo-Yo IR1表现并不是显著的预测因素.
结论:
- 在SSG期间的平均心率强度是青少年男性足球运动员内球员心血管负荷变化的重要预测因素.
- 在训练期间,心率平均强度更高与心率变化减少有关.
- 虽然平均HR强度是一个关键因素,但心血管负载变化的很大一部分仍然无法解释,这表明其他未测量的变量会影响训练反应.
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