炎症因素和慢性鼻炎:一个总体审查
Stergios T Lialiaris1, Konstantinos Chaidas1, George Fyrmpas1
1Εar, Nose, and Throat Department, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, GRC.
Cureus
|February 19, 2026
概括
慢性鼻炎 (CRS) 涉及不同的免疫路径,包括1型,2型和3型炎症. 了解这些内型是针对性治疗和有效管理CRS的关键.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 耳鼻喉科 耳鼻喉科 耳鼻喉科
- 呼吸系统医学 呼吸系统医学
背景情况:
- 慢性鼻炎 (CRS) 是一种普遍的炎症状况,影响鼻通道和鼻.
- CRS呈现异质的临床特征和潜在机制,复杂的分类和治疗.
- 存在两个主要的表型:没有鼻息肉的CRS (CRSsNP) 和带有鼻息肉的CRS (CRSwNP).
研究的目的:
- 审查和综合证据在CRS的独特的炎症路径和免疫模式.
- 探索CRS内型的异质性及其临床影响.
- 评估内型驱动管理和生物疗法的潜力.
主要方法:
- 根据PRISMA指南进行了一次总体审查.
- 在Scopus和PubMed中进行了系统的文献搜索.
- 包括从1968年5月到2025年8月发表的64项研究,并对研究结果进行了定性综合.
主要成果:
- 中枢神经系统炎症涉及不同的T辅助细胞 (Th1,Th2,Th17,Th22) 和T调节细胞 (Treg) 模式.
- 1型炎症 (通常在CRSsNP中) 具有干扰素-,IL-12和中性友的透.
- 2型炎症 (在CRSwNP中很常见) 涉及TSLP,IL-25,IL-33,Th2细胞因子和埃索诺菲尔,影响粘液的产生和上皮的运输.
- 3型 (Th17) 炎症与IL-17,IL-22和宿主对微生物的防御有关.
结论:
- 在CRS的炎症途径是多样化的,可以重叠,影响疾病表型.
- 与阿司匹林加剧的呼吸道疾病和囊性纤维化等并发症会影响CRS内型.
- 以内型为驱动的管理,包括诸如dupilumab之类的生物疗法,是有前途的,但需要进一步精细化,以实现最佳的患者分层和治疗选择.
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