分离性身份障碍和部分分离性身份障碍
Deutsches Arzteblatt international
|February 19, 2026
概括
分离性身份障碍 (DID) 和部分DID缺乏经验验证和基于证据的治疗方法. 分离性症状更好地解释为复杂的PTSD和BPD,它们已经建立了治疗方法.
科学领域:
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
- 临床心理学 临床心理学
背景情况:
- 分离性身份障碍 (DID) 在ICD-11中取代了多重人格障碍,其特点是个性状态和记忆丧失.
- 部分DID涉及到自我体验和代理的不连续性.
- 对DID和部分DID的实证研究是有限的,而且通常在方法上有缺陷.
研究的目的:
- 审查和讨论关于DID和部分DID的经验研究.
- 为这些诊断得出潜在的临床实践方法.
主要方法:
- 对相关出版物的叙述性回顾.
- 在PubMed搜索相关研究.
主要成果:
- 关于DID的实证研究很少存在,具有主要的方法限制.
- 对部分DID缺乏可靠的数据.
- 在DID和创伤相关疾病,如复杂PTSD (cPTSD) 和边缘性人格障碍 (BPD) 之间存在显著的重叠.
- 中央DID构造,例如状态间的记忆丧失,没有可用的数据支持.
- 没有针对DID的特定治疗方法有强有力的有效性证据.
结论:
- DID和部分DID是未得到充分验证的诊断.
- 目前还没有基于证据的治疗方法来治疗DID或部分DID.
- 分离性症状可以通过更好的研究条件,如cPTSD和BPD来解决,这些条件已经验证了治疗方法.
- 只有在排除了其他解释后,才能对DID和部分DID进行诊断.
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