相关实验视频
Updated: May 5, 2026

08:25
Measuring Attentional Biases for Threat in Children and Adults
Published on: October 19, 2014
17.3K
儿童焦虑症状中的初始升高偏差:系统性审查和元分析
Micaela Meregalli1, Sigrid Elfström1, Albin Isaksson1
1Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet.
Psychological assessment
|February 19, 2026
概括
孩子 孩子 孩子 孩子
科学领域:
- 儿童和青少年心理学 儿童和青少年心理学
- 临床心理学 临床心理学
- 心理测量 心理测量 心理测量
背景情况:
- 儿童自我报告的焦虑评分可以随着时间的推移而下降,但这可能是由于最初的高估 (初始升高偏差),而不是真正的症状改善.
- 了解得分变化的来源对于准确评估和对儿科焦虑的干预计划至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 在非干预对照组的重复评估中,系统地审查和元分析儿童和家长报告的焦虑得分的变化.
- 在儿科焦虑测量中调查初始升高偏差的程度和性质.
主要方法:
- 106项随机对照试验 (N = 9,224名儿童) 的系统综述和元分析,使用了四种常见的儿童焦虑指标.
- 包括社区,风险和临床样本的研究,在多个时间点分析儿童和家长评估的焦虑.
主要成果:
- 儿童报告的焦虑在第一和第二次评估之间显著下降 (平均效果=-0.25),在第二和第三次评估之间 (平均效果=-0.09) 则有较小的下降.
- 父母报告的焦虑在第一和第二次评估之间也下降了 (平均效应 = -0.12).
- 在临床和风险样本中观察到较大的下降,并采取了特定措施.
结论:
- 这些发现支持了初始高度偏差的存在,特别是在儿童报告的焦虑中,这种焦虑不仅仅是由成熟,实际改善或磨损解释的.
- 这种偏见使焦虑评级的解释变得复杂,并对儿科焦虑的临床实践和研究产生重大影响.
相关概念视频
Theory of Romantic Attachment in Adulthood
40.4K
Attachment is a long-standing connection or bond with others. While Attachment Theory was conceived in developmental psychology to describe infant-caregiver bonding, it's been extended into adulthood to include romantic relationships.
40.4K
Anxiety: Overview
1.3K
Anxiety is a common mental disorder featuring excessive worry, fear, and apprehension, significantly affecting daily life. People with anxiety disorders experience persistent and intense anxiety, interrupting their everyday functioning.
Individuals with anxiety often experience a range of physical and emotional symptoms, including sweating, trembling, tachycardia, and disturbances in sleep patterns. These symptoms vary in intensity and frequency but are generally disruptive and distressing.
Individuals with anxiety often experience a range of physical and emotional symptoms, including sweating, trembling, tachycardia, and disturbances in sleep patterns. These symptoms vary in intensity and frequency but are generally disruptive and distressing.
1.3K
Socioemotional Development during Infancy
1.4K
Socio-emotional development in infancy is primarily shaped by early emotional responses and social connections, with temperament playing a central role. Temperament refers to the consistent patterns in an individual's emotional and behavioral responses, observable even in infancy. By examining temperament, researchers can better understand an infant's unique ways of interacting with the world, influencing subsequent personality and socio-emotional growth.
Primary Temperament Types
Primary Temperament Types
1.4K
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
1.3K
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a chronic condition characterized by excessive and uncontrollable worry that persists for at least six months, significantly interfering with daily functioning. Unlike situational anxiety, which arises in response to specific stressors, GAD often occurs without a clear cause. Individuals may experience disproportionate worry about work, health, or relationships. For instance, a person might continuously fear poor health despite normal medical evaluations or...
1.3K
Panic Disorder
1.2K
Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent and sudden minutes-long episodes of intense fear, known as panic attacks. These attacks may feel like heart attacks and often happen without warning or a specific cause. They can include symptoms such as rapid heart rate, shortness of breath, chest pain, trembling, sweating, dizziness, and a sense of helplessness. During a panic attack, individuals may feel as though they are experiencing a heart attack or are in a...
1.2K
Social Anxiety Disorder
870
Social anxiety disorder, also known as social phobia, is characterized by an intense fear of social situations where one might face humiliation, rejection, embarrassment, or negative evaluation. This disorder leads individuals to avoid activities like casual conversations, public speaking, or seemingly simple tasks such as eating, signing documents, or swimming, in public settings. Its impact extends beyond discomfort, often significantly interfering with daily functioning and quality of life.
870

