密切相关的共存种子虫的不同饮食和防御适应
Nathaniel J Carlson1,2, Amy P Hastings1, Christophe Duplais3
1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.
概括
两个密切相关的种子虫物种在饮食和防御方面表现出不对称的适应,影响了它们的共存. 共享的种子化学促进了宿主转移,而对食物利基的不同适应可能促进了生物多样性.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 化学生态化学生态学
背景情况:
- 生物多样性的维持是由影响物种相互作用和适应的因素驱动的.
- 种子虫 (Lygaeinae) 通常将植物毒素隔离为防御,乳草 (Apocynaceae) 是主要宿主.
- 了解宿主植物适应和化学防御对于解释物种共存至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 研究两个密切相关的种子虫,Lygaeus kalmii和Lygaeus turcicus之间的饮食和化学防御的差异.
- 确定 *L. turcicus* 中的宿主植物特异性和卡登化物绑定,这是一种比*L. kalmii* 更少研究的物种.
- 阐明对宿主植物特征的不对称适应如何有助于这些种子虫的共存.
主要方法:
- 对不同宿主种子 (*Apocynaceae*与*Asteraceae*) 的种子虫性能 (生存,生长) 的比较分析.
- 在两种昆虫物种中,从宿主种子中结卡德诺利德的量化.
- 在 *Heliopsis helianthoides* 种子中的卡登化物的化学表征,包括识别一种新型化合物,heliopside.
主要成果:
- *L. kalmii* 在乳草上表现明显好于*H. helianthoides*,主要是由于种子的厚度.
- *L. turcicus* 在两种种子上表现相等,但从*H. helianthoides*中更有效地隔离了卡登化物.
- 在 *H. helianthoides* 中发现了一种新型的卡尔迪诺化物 - - 化物,标志着这些毒素在 *Asteraceae* 中的第二份报告.
结论:
- *L. kalmii*和*L. turcicus*之间在饮食和防御方面的不对称适应可能会限制它们的宿主范围并促进共存.
- 在Lygaeinae中,共享的卡德诺利德化学促进了宿主从*Apocynaceae*转移到*Asteraceae*.
- 对不同食物的不同适应是有助于维持这些种子虫生物多样性的关键因素.
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