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在小鼠的粘膜疫苗接种提供了对各种呼吸系统威胁的保护

Haibo Zhang¹, Katharine Floyd², Zhuoqing Fang¹

¹Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|February 19, 2026

概括

一种使用通类受体 (TLR) 连接体和卵泡蛋白的新型鼻内疫苗,在小鼠中提供了对各种呼吸道病毒和细菌的广泛,持久的保护. 这种通用疫苗方法为T细胞提供了针对多种病原体的增强免疫力.

科学领域:

免疫学免疫学免疫学
疫苗学疫苗学疫苗学
呼吸系统医学呼吸系统医学

背景情况:

传统疫苗对各种呼吸道病原体提供有限的保护.
存在对新出现和重新出现的呼吸系统威胁的广泛疫苗的需求.

研究的目的:

开发和评估一种鼻内脂质体疫苗配方,用于广泛保护呼吸道感染.
研究疫苗诱导保护的基础免疫机制.

主要方法:

制备一种带有托尔类受体 (TLR) 4和7/8连接体和卵蛋白的鼻内脂体疫苗.
挑战在小鼠中进行的SARS-CoV-2,金黄色葡萄球菌和其他呼吸道病原体的研究.
分析T细胞反应,抗体产生和免疫细胞在肺部的印记.

主要成果:

鼻腔注射疫苗在小鼠中对SARS-CoV-2和S. aureus产生了广泛而持久的保护 (≥3个月).
接种疫苗的小鼠显示对一系列病毒,细菌和过敏原有保护作用.
保护是由持续的卵泡胺特异性CD4+和CD8+记忆T细胞介导的,这些记忆T细胞印制了膜巨细胞.

结论:

这种含有TLR连接剂辅助的鼻入疫苗代表了对通用呼吸道病原体保护的有希望的战略.
疫苗引发了强大的T细胞记忆,并增强了肺部的先天免疫反应.
这种方法可能会导致针对各种呼吸系统威胁的新一类通用疫苗.

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