核糖体RNA扩张段介导非活性动物核糖体的寡合化
Andre Schwarz1, Mara Mueller1,2, Helene Will1
1Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt, Germany.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|February 19, 2026
概括
在细胞压力下,脑细胞形成非活跃的核糖体群,这个过程由核糖体RNA (rRNA) 扩张段ES31Lb.介导. 这种双体形成增强了神经元的抗压力和细胞生长.
科学领域:
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
背景情况:
- 细胞在压力期间减少蛋白质合成,以节省能量并促进修复.
- 压力可以诱导一些哺乳动物细胞 (包括神经元) 中的非活性核糖体二次体 (二位体) 的形成.
研究的目的:
- 在哺乳动物细胞中研究压力诱导的异体形成背后的机制.
- 确定核糖体RNA (rRNA) 扩张段在这个过程中的作用.
- 评估体形成对细胞存活和生长的功能意义.
主要方法:
- 使用冷电子断层扫描 (cryo-ET) 可视化细胞内部的核糖体.
- 生物化学测试用于确认特定rRNA相互作用对于二体形成的必要性和充分性.
主要成果:
- 观察到,核糖体二分化 (双体形成) 是由rRNA扩张段ES31Lb.的同型相互作用介导的.
- 发现ES31Lb相互作用对于disoom形成既必要又足够.
- 双体形成赋予了增长优势,并增强了脑细胞的抗压能力.
- 冷-ET分析显示,在四体中,ES31Lb和ES9La之间的相互作用.
结论:
- 在动物细胞中,压力诱导的双体形成是由rRNA扩张段,特别是ES31Lb,调节的.
- 通过ES31Lb介导的二分化为处于压力下的大脑细胞提供了生存优势.
- rRNA扩展段代表动物细胞中翻译调节的灵活机制.
相关概念视频
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01:27Ribosomes
Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that synthesize large quantities of protein—such as secretory cells in the human pancreas—can contain millions of ribosomes.Ribosome Structure and AssemblyRibosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. In eukaryotes, rRNA is transcribed from genes in the nucleolus—a part of the nucleus that specializes in ribosome production. Within the...
02:53Ribosomal RNA Synthesis
Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
01:27Ribosomes
Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that synthesize large quantities of protein—such as secretory cells in the human pancreas—can contain millions of ribosomes.
Ribosome Structure and Assembly
Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. In eukaryotes, rRNA is transcribed from genes in the nucleolus—a part of the nucleus that specializes in ribosome production. Within...
Ribosome Structure and Assembly
Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. In eukaryotes, rRNA is transcribed from genes in the nucleolus—a part of the nucleus that specializes in ribosome production. Within...
01:27Ribosomes
Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that synthesize large quantities of protein—such as secretory cells in the human pancreas—can contain millions of ribosomes.
Ribosome Structure and Assembly
Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. In eukaryotes, rRNA is transcribed from genes in the nucleolus—a part of the nucleus that specializes in ribosome production. Within...
Ribosome Structure and Assembly
Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. In eukaryotes, rRNA is transcribed from genes in the nucleolus—a part of the nucleus that specializes in ribosome production. Within...