宿主肠道微生物的代谢概况和常见有机化合物的酶标
Kai Yang1, Shao-You Lu2, Zhong-Ze Fang3
1School of Public Health, Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China; School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
Ecotoxicology and environmental safety
|February 19, 2026
概括
人的肠道微生物组对人体如何处理环境化合物产生重大影响. 了解这种宿主微生物群的共同代谢对于准确的毒性评估和制定有针对性的干预措施至关重要.
科学领域:
- 微生物学 微生物学
- 毒理学 毒理学 毒理学
- 环境健康 环境健康
背景情况:
- 人的肠道微生物组是一个复杂的生态系统,参与宿主异生物代谢.
- 主体代谢途径 (氧化,结合) 与微生物途径 (水解,还原) 不同,可能形成有毒中间体.
- 主体和微生物代谢之间的相互作用对于确定环境和饮食化合物的毒性至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 审查宿主-微生物群共同代谢轴的异生菌毒性.
- 详细介绍各种异生菌的代谢概况以及宿主和微生物酶的作用.
- 强调在毒性评估中考虑微生物代谢的重要性.
主要方法:
- 关于宿主-微生物群共同代谢的现有文献的全面分析.
- 详细检查代谢途径的代表性异生菌 (例如,亚胺,PAHs,PCB,6PPD-).
- 讨论关键宿主酶 (CYPs,UGTs,SULTs) 和微生物酶 (例如β-glucuronidase,切割基因).
主要成果:
- 肠道微生物通过水解和还原代谢异生菌,有时产生有毒的中间体.
- 宿主和微生物酶在调节外源生物毒性的过程中起着双重作用.
- 便样本可能有助于评估化合物的毒性,而II期酶可以具有代谢激活效应.
结论:
- 忽视肠道微生物代谢和II期代谢物导致流行病学研究中的毒性解释不完整.
- 了解共同代谢酶和中间体对于解释毒性变异至关重要.
- 对于与环境污染物有关的疾病,需要针对微生物群的干预措施.
更多相关视频
09:38Single-throughput Complementary High-resolution Analytical Techniques for Characterizing Complex Natural Organic Matter Mixtures
Published on: January 7, 2019
7.4K
06:58Analysis of Interactions between Endobiotics and Human Gut Microbiota Using In Vitro Bath Fermentation Systems
Published on: August 23, 2019
6.7K
相关概念视频
01:23Microbial Fermentation
1.8K
Fermentation is a crucial anaerobic metabolic process that enables microbes to derive energy from sugar without relying on oxygen or an electron transport chain. This process is fundamental to various biological and industrial applications and is classified based on the metabolic products generated.Role of Pyruvate in FermentationPyruvate and its derivatives serve as key electron acceptors in fermentative pathways. The oxidation of NADH to regenerate NAD+ is essential for the continuation of...
1.8K
01:25Lipid Catabolism
1.5K
Triglycerides serve as crucial long-term energy storage molecules in microorganisms, providing a dense source of metabolic energy. Their breakdown is mediated by lipases, which hydrolyze triglycerides into glycerol and free fatty acids. Each of these components follows distinct metabolic pathways, ultimately contributing to ATP synthesis and cellular energy homeostasis.Glycerol MetabolismGlycerol, released from triglyceride hydrolysis, is phosphorylated by glycerol kinase to form...
1.5K
01:19Methods to Assess Microbial Communities
68
Microbial communities, comprising bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotic microorganisms, inhabit diverse ecosystems and play crucial roles in environmental and biological processes. Their diversity is defined by three main parameters: species richness (the number of distinct species), species abundance (the relative quantity of each species), and species evenness (how uniformly individual species are distributed in various locations). These factors together shape the structure and ecological balance...
68
01:22Probiotics
300
Probiotics are live, non-pathogenic microorganisms that confer health benefits by modulating the gut microbiota. The human gastrointestinal tract harbors a complex microbial ecosystem, and the balance of this microbiota is crucial for digestive and systemic health. Among the most extensively studied and utilized probiotics are species formerly classified within the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. These organisms not only naturally colonize the human gut but are also consumed through...
300
01:25Production of Organic Acids
111
Lactic acid, an important organic acid extensively applied in food, pharmaceutical, and biodegradable polymer industries, is primarily produced via microbial fermentation. This method is favored over chemical synthesis due to its environmental sustainability and capacity for enantiomerically pure product formation. Among various microbial processes, the fermentation of starch-based substrates stands out due to the abundance and renewability of raw materials like corn and potatoes.Hydrolysis of...
111
01:18Functions of the Gut Microbiota
257
The gut microbiota includes trillions of microorganisms that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. This complex ecosystem plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal and systemic health. Most of these microbes inhabit the large intestine, establishing a relatively stable and diverse community that contributes to gut homeostasis through various metabolic, immunological, and protective mechanisms.Dominant bacterial phyla, such as...
257