在压力下:在那些容易发生认知失败的人中持续的同情激发
Roger C McIntosh1, Maria Di Bello1, Ramanamurthy V Mylavarapu2
1Department of Psychology, University of Miami.
Biological psychology
|February 19, 2026
概括
患有更多日常认知失败的个体表现出持续的同情性兴奋和认知任务后较差的压力恢复,尽管保持了表现. 这表明在认知挑战期间对心理压力的敏感性增加.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 心理生理学 心理生理学
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
背景情况:
- 认知干扰的解决,特别是在多源干扰任务 (MSIT) 期间,与交感神经系统兴奋有关.
- 背前环状皮质 (dACC) 在这种应激反应中发挥作用.
- 目前尚不清楚容易出现日常认知控制缺陷的个体是否对认知任务表现出不同的心理生理学和行为反应.
研究的目的:
- 调查日常认知失败是否会影响对认知干扰的心理生理和行为反应.
- 为了检查dACC中的大脑活动 (BOLD响应),交感兴奋 (SCL) 和自我报告的认知失败之间的关系.
- 为了确定具有较高认知失败频率的个体在认知任务期间和之后是否经历了改变的压力反应.
主要方法:
- 118名健康成年人完成了MSIT,而研究人员测量了血液氧气水平依赖 (BOLD) 反应,皮肤导电水平 (SCL),准确性和反应时间.
- 对认知干扰的BOLD反应 (不一致与一致的试验) 与自我报告的每日认知失败相比进行了分析.
- 此外,BOLD反应也与SCL水平进行了比较.
主要成果:
- 在MSIT期间较高的dACC BOLD反应与两种试验类型中的SCL升高相关.
- 任务性能 (准确性,反应时间,BOLD响应) 根据认知失败频率没有差异.
- 认知失败频率较低的个体在任务后的SCL显著下降,与频率较高但没有变化的个体不同.
结论:
- 在MSIT期间的dACC BOLD响应有效地表明了同情的兴奋.
- 报告更频繁的每日认知失败的个体保持任务性能,但表现出持续的同情兴奋和受损的后任务SCL恢复.
- 这些发现表明,经常出现认知失败的个体更容易受到认知任务引起的心理压力.
相关概念视频
Sympathetic Activation
The sympathetic division can influence tissues and organs by releasing norepinephrine at peripheral synapses and distributing epinephrine and norepinephrine through the bloodstream. In times of crisis or stress, sympathetic activation occurs, which is regulated by sympathetic centers in the hypothalamus. As a result, sympathetic activation prepares the body for physical exertion, rapid ATP production, and heightened alertness, allowing individuals to respond effectively to challenging or...
Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is an intricate network of nerves that controls functions such as the regulation of heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure regulation. When this system malfunctions, it can lead to various disorders that affect multiple bodily functions. One common feature of many autonomic disorders is the involvement of smooth blood vessels, which play a crucial role in regulating blood flow throughout the body.
Raynaud's disease, also known as Raynaud's phenomenon, is a...
Raynaud's disease, also known as Raynaud's phenomenon, is a...
Psychological Responses to Stress
Psychological responses to stress encompass the various cognitive and emotional reactions individuals experience when faced with challenging or threatening situations, such as a job loss. Prolonged exposure to stressors can disturb emotional balance, increasing negative emotions (e.g., anxiety and sadness) and diminishing positive emotions (e.g., joy and satisfaction). These persistent emotional shifts are associated with an increased risk of both physical illness and mental health issues, such...
Physiological Foundation of Stress
Stress triggers a coordinated physiological response involving the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. This dual activation ensures that the body is prepared for both immediate and prolonged stress management. The process begins with the perception of a stressor. This initial phase activates the SNS, leading to the rapid release of adrenaline (epinephrine) from the adrenal glands.
Role of the Sympathetic Nervous System
Adrenaline triggers the...
Role of the Sympathetic Nervous System
Adrenaline triggers the...
Stress Response System
The stress response system, also known as the fight-or-flight response, is the body's automatic physiological reaction to perceived threats. Hans Selye introduced the concept of General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) to describe the predictable pattern of changes that occur in response to stress. GAS consists of three sequential stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion. This model helps explain how chronic stress can contribute to health problems.
Alarm stage
In the alarm stage, the body's initial...
Alarm stage
In the alarm stage, the body's initial...
Lazarus's Cognitive Appraisal Theory
Cognitive psychologist Richard Lazarus proposed the cognitive-mediational theory of emotions, which emphasizes how individuals' assessments of stressors significantly affect their experience of stress. According to Lazarus, the stress response is determined by a two-step appraisal process: primary appraisal and secondary appraisal. These cognitive appraisals help individuals evaluate the potential impact of a stressor and determine the adequacy of their coping resources.
Primary Appraisal:...
Primary Appraisal:...


