推断心灵从感知决策中漫步的推断.
1Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA. cathyz@wustl.edu.
Communications psychology
|February 19, 2026
概括
研究人员开发了一个计算模型来追踪任务期间的思维流浪 (MW). 这种方法测量了注意力逐试验的转移,而不会打断参与者,为认知状态提供了新的见解.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 计算建模 计算建模
背景情况:
- 保持专注的注意力对于目标实现至关重要,但注意力往往由于心灵漫游 (MW) 而失效.
- 传统的方法,如思维探测,是不常见的和破坏性的,而其他技术则假设固定的任务/非任务时间分割.
- 需要持续的,非侵入性的方法来测量认知任务期间的MW.
研究的目的:
- 开发和验证一个计算框架,以逐个试验的基础上推断思维漂泊.
- 评估使用计算建模来追踪注意状态的时间变化是否可行.
- 在不依赖破坏性思维探测的情况下,提供对MW动态的更细致的理解.
主要方法:
- 使用随机点运动任务与操纵的证据和重复的响应偏差.
- 一个隐藏的马尔科夫模型与通用线性模型 (GLM-HMM) 被安装到参与者的性能数据中.
- 偶尔会使用思维探测来验证模型对内部状态的分类.
主要成果:
- 非任务试验的特点是更高的准确性和更短的反应时间,这表明刺激处理减少,对响应偏差的依赖增加.
- 两种状态的GLM-HMM成功地预测了在非任务期间的较低反应时间.
- 该模型显示,在任务的过程中,思想流浪的增加与自我报告的焦点水平相关.
结论:
- 计算建模,特别是GLM-HMM,可以有效地测量注意力状态的试验对试验变化.
- 这种方法可以在不中断认知任务的情况下,持续评估心灵漂泊.
- 这些发现为研究注意力和认知控制的动态开辟了新的途径.
相关概念视频
01:20Decision Making
1.1K
Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
1.1K
01:19High-Level and Low-Level Awareness
799
Controlled processes in human consciousness represent high-alert mental states where individuals deliberately focus their attention on achieving specific goals. Controlled processes can be seen in situations like mastering new technology, where a person might become so absorbed that they ignore surrounding distractions. Such processes involve selective attention, requiring one to concentrate on particular elements of experience while disregarding others. These are governed by executive...
799
01:37Reason and Intuition
7.6K
The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
7.6K
01:15Subliminal Perception
870
Subliminal perception refers to the processing of sensory information that occurs below the level of conscious awareness. Researchers study subliminal perception by presenting a stimulus, such as a word or image, very quickly, typically around 50 milliseconds. This rapid presentation is often followed by another stimulus, such as a pattern of dots or lines, which blocks further mental processing of the initial stimulus. As a result, if participants cannot identify the initial stimulus better...
870
01:28Perception
1.4K
Perception is a fundamental psychological process that enables individuals to organize, interpret, and consciously experience sensory information. This process is crucial for understanding and interacting with the world around us. It includes both bottom-up and top-down processing, each playing a distinct role in how we perceive our environment.
Bottom-up processing begins at the sensory level, where receptors detect external environmental stimuli. These could include the tactile sensation of...
Bottom-up processing begins at the sensory level, where receptors detect external environmental stimuli. These could include the tactile sensation of...
1.4K
01:20Parallel Processing
791
The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...
791