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耳和无耳的飞行策略的感觉驱动的分歧,逃避马蝙蝠
Jiqian Li1, Wenhao Zhang1, Jing Wang1
1Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, China.
The Journal of experimental biology
|February 20, 2026
概括
有耳的比没有耳的更有效地逃避蝙蝠,因为它们使用超声波听觉来启动更快,更战略的逃避飞行机动. 这些最后的飞行战术对于对抗高功率周期蝙蝠的生存至关重要.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 动物行为 动物行为
背景情况:
- 蝙蝠的进化军备竞赛推动了各种不同的反捕食者战略.
- 耳蝶的超声波听力是一个关键的适应,但其在逃避飞行对高功率周期 (HDC) 蝙蝠的有效性仍在争论中.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究超声波听力是否提高了与没有耳朵的相比,的逃避飞行效率.
- 为了确定蝶最后机会飞行机动对HDC蝙蝠的有效性.
- 分析感官能力在完善逃跑行为中的作用.
主要方法:
- 使用三种马蝙蝠物种和各种物种进行的受控实验室掠食实验.
- 实地饮食分析,以比较蝙蝠饮食中的代表性与它们的息地丰富性.
- 在蝙蝠攻击期间对飞行机动和过渡时间的行为分析.
主要成果:
- 耳更快地开始逃避机动,并采用更有效的战术,如停止飞行和不稳定的飞行.
- 停止飞行是最有效的反掠食者策略 (12%的掠食),而静止翼飞是非常脆弱的 (76%的掠食).
- 耳在实验室试验中经历了显著较低的掠食 (14%较少),并且在蝙蝠饮食中代表性不足,证实了它们的生存优势.
结论:
- 蝶最后的飞行机动对HDC蝙蝠是有效的.
- 超声波听力通过使更早,更有战略性的逃避飞行,提供了生存益处.
- 先进的感官系统增强了祖先的逃生行为,塑造了蝙蝠的进化军备竞赛.
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