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相关概念视频

Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

5.8K
During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
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pre-mRNA Processing02:01

pre-mRNA Processing

57.7K
In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl...
57.7K
Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

Regulated mRNA Transport

7.1K
In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing...
7.1K
Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

4.2K
Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique...
4.2K
Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends01:35

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends

15.9K
In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a cap to the 5' end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5' phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached (7-methyl guanosine). This 5' cap helps...
15.9K
Translation01:31

Translation

18.4K
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Feb 22, 2026

Discrimintion and Mapping of the Primary and Processed Transcripts in Maize Mitochondrion Using a Circular RT-PCR-based Strategy
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Discrimintion and Mapping of the Primary and Processed Transcripts in Maize Mitochondrion Using a Circular RT-PCR-based Strategy

Published on: July 29, 2019

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玉米 另一项开发涉及从3个未翻译的地区翻译的开放阅读框架.

Chunyu Wang1,2, Yuechao Wu3, Shunxi Wang4

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Forage Breeding-by-Design and Utilization, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|February 20, 2026
PubMed
概括

玉米有来自3'未翻译区域 (3' UTRs) 的新,可能导致男性不育. 这项研究还发现,花的光合作用不同于预期.

关键词:
3′未翻译的区域接下来,一个人又一个人.其他开发项目.玉米玉米玉米是一种光合作用 光合作用.翻译法规的翻译法规

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Scalable Transfection of Maize Mesophyll Protoplasts
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Scalable Transfection of Maize Mesophyll Protoplasts

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Agrobacterium-Mediated Immature Embryo Transformation of Recalcitrant Maize Inbred Lines Using Morphogenic Genes
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Agrobacterium-Mediated Immature Embryo Transformation of Recalcitrant Maize Inbred Lines Using Morphogenic Genes

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相关实验视频

Last Updated: Feb 22, 2026

Discrimintion and Mapping of the Primary and Processed Transcripts in Maize Mitochondrion Using a Circular RT-PCR-based Strategy
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Discrimintion and Mapping of the Primary and Processed Transcripts in Maize Mitochondrion Using a Circular RT-PCR-based Strategy

Published on: July 29, 2019

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Scalable Transfection of Maize Mesophyll Protoplasts
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Scalable Transfection of Maize Mesophyll Protoplasts

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Agrobacterium-Mediated Immature Embryo Transformation of Recalcitrant Maize Inbred Lines Using Morphogenic Genes
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Agrobacterium-Mediated Immature Embryo Transformation of Recalcitrant Maize Inbred Lines Using Morphogenic Genes

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科学领域:

  • 植物分子生物学 植物分子生物学
  • 玉米的遗传学 玉米的遗传学
  • 植物生理学 植物生理学

背景情况:

  • 在非编码区域的开放式读取框架 (ORFs) 的上存在有限的研究,特别是3'未翻译区域 (3' UTRs).
  • 虽然5'ORFs可以抑制主要ORF转化,但3'ORFs的功能在很大程度上是未知的.
  • 了解这些元素对于玉米的进一步发展和功能至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 在十个发育阶段的玉米中研究由5'和3'ORF编码的转化调节和功能.
  • 探索3'ORF与玉米男性不育之间的潜在联系.
  • 分析玉米的光合作用活动.

主要方法:

  • 分析了玉米的十个发育阶段的转化调节.
  • 从5'和3'ORF转换的的识别和表征.
  • 全基因组的翻译概况.
  • 对光合作用速率和电子传输的生理测量.

主要成果:

  • 从5'或3'ORF转换的可以被错误识别为异型.
  • 3'ORF可能与另一种无菌性有关,以APV1位点为例.
  • 与光合作用相关的基因在双核微胞胎阶段被丰富.
  • 玉米虫通过非C4路径表现出具有有限光合作用效率的二氧化碳同化.

结论:

  • 3'ORF代表了开发雄性无菌玉米线的潜在目标.
  • 这项研究为玉米的独特光合作用活动提供了新的见解.
  • 对非编码区域翻译的进一步研究是有必要的,以了解植物的发展.