在田径运动中的卓越和表现 (EXPERT) - 一项关于年轻运动员生长,生物成熟,表现和健康的混合长度研究:基线结果 (第二部分)
Teresa Ribeiro1, José Maia1, Filipe Conceição1
1Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal.
Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology
|February 20, 2026
概括
年轻的田径运动员在青春期的身体成长和表现中表现出明显的性别差异,部分原因是女孩更早成熟. 俱乐部环境也在运动员的发展中发挥着作用.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 青少年发展 青少年发展
- 人类表现的人类表现.
背景情况:
- 年轻运动员的潜力受到个人和环境因素的影响.
- 了解这些因素对于优化培训和发展至关重要.
- 田径运动提供了一个独特的环境来研究这些影响.
研究的目的:
- 检查年轻田径运动员的身体成长,身体组成,生物成熟,心理特征和表现.
- 在这些变量中识别与性别相关的差异.
- 探索俱乐部环境对运动员发展的影响.
主要方法:
- 在五个年龄组 (10-14岁) 招募了425名年轻的田径运动员 (224名女孩).
- 评估个人因素 (人体测量,身体组成,成熟,动机,力),表现 (运动技巧) 和俱乐部背景.
- 使用两因素ANOVA和ANCOVA进行数据分析,使用STATA 18.0.0.
主要成果:
- 女孩比男孩 (14岁) 早些时候 (12岁) 达到峰值身高速度 (PHV).
- 女孩在12岁时体脂较高,在力量和冲刺测试中表现优于男孩;男孩在13岁以后超过了女孩.
- 女孩在兴趣,享受,努力,亲属关系和选择方面报告了更高的心理分数,而力则没有显示性别差异.
结论:
- 在身体,心理和表现变量方面,显著的性别差异在青春期出现,这与女孩的早期成熟有关.
- 俱乐部环境,包括教练资格和基础设施,各不相同,可能会影响运动员的发展.
- 需要进一步的研究,以充分阐明年轻田径运动员个人,发育和情境因素之间的相互作用.
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