在亚最大和超最大的突出异常负载后,交叉教育对女性瘦体质量和功能的影响
Sergio Maroto-Izquierdo1,2, Miguel Lauría-Martínez2,3, Kayvan Khoramipour1
1i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, European University Miguel de Cervantes, 47012 Valladolid, Spain.
Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology
|February 20, 2026
概括
亚最大和最大的突出异常负荷 (AEL) 在训练有素和未训练有素的女性腿部中提高了力量和动力. 超最大的AEL增强了瘦质量和功率,而次最大的AEL提高了爆炸性能.
科学领域:
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 生物力学 生物力学
背景情况:
- 奇特的负载增强肌肉缩和力量.
- 与传统训练相比,突出异常负荷 (AEL) 可能提供更好的适应性.
- 在训练有素的个体中,AEL的最佳强度 (亚最大与上最大) 尚未完全阐明.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较亚最大和最高AEL对瘦体和神经肌肉功能的影响.
- 研究女性训练 (TL) 和反侧非训练 (NTL) 腿的适应性.
- 为了确定超极值AEL是否比亚极值AEL提供了额外的好处.
主要方法:
- 20名受过娱乐训练的女性每周两次接受10周的AEL腿部压力训练.
- 训练涉及亚最大 (90% 1-RM) 或最高最大 (120% 1-RM) 异常负荷与30% 1-RM同心负荷.
- 评估包括全大腿瘦身量 (TTLM),1-RM,机械功率 (P40,P60,P80),跳跃高度 (CMJ,DJ) 和肌肉耐力 (XRM).
主要成果:
- 在TL和NTL中,亚最大和最高AEL都改善了1-RM和P40.
- 与亚最大AEL相比,超最大AEL导致TTLM和机械功率 (P60,P80) 的增加更大.
- 亚最大AEL显示了爆炸性性能 (CMJ,DJ) 的更大改善,而最高AEL则增强了肌肉耐力 (XRM).
结论:
- 下最大和上最大的AEL在训练和未训练的腿部引起了类似的整体神经肌肉改善.
- 超最大AEL为瘦质量和功率发展提供了额外的好处.
- 亚最大AEL可能更有利于提高爆炸性能,这表明活跃女性可能不需要超最大负载.
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