自闭症,多动症和童年同时出现的表现的认知概况:从在线工作记忆任务的见解
Astrid Priscilla Martinez Cedillo1, Ivonne Leon-Espinoza2, Lilia Albores-Gallo3
1Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK.
概括
在墨西哥,在线认知任务可以区分患有注意力缺陷/多动障碍 (ADHD) 和自闭症谱状况 (ASC) 的儿童. 这项研究表明远程评估的可行性,用于识别低资源环境中的神经发育障碍.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 全球健康 全球健康
背景情况:
- 在低收入和中等收入国家 (LMICs) 接受认知评估的机会有限,阻碍了神经发育障碍的识别.
- 自闭症谱状况 (ASC) 和注意力缺陷/多动性障碍 (ADHD) 是普遍存在的,经常同时发生,并且具有不同的认知特征.
- 在线评估为查和研究提供了可扩展和具有成本效益的解决方案.
研究的目的:
- 要确定一个简短的在线认知任务是否可以区分ADHD,ASC,ASC+ADHD并发的儿童和典型发育 (TD) 同龄人的表现模式.
- 评估墨西哥不同地区远程认知任务管理的可行性和可靠性.
主要方法:
- 来自墨西哥的8-14岁儿童完成了一项在线工作记忆任务,涉及记住面部身份或情绪表达.
- 监测任务完成率,以评估远程管理的可行性.
- 分析了表现模式,以区分临床组 (ADHD,ASC,ASC + ADHD) 和TD同行.
主要成果:
- 高任务完成率 (84.6%) 证实了远程在线评估的可行性.
- 与TD同龄人相比,患有ADHD的儿童表现出较差的工作记忆性能和增加主体内变异性.
- 患有ASC的儿童在基于情绪的工作记忆任务中表现出选择性损伤.
结论:
- 在线认知任务可以在LMIC环境中使用,为发育研究和早期识别提供可扩展的方法.
- 个体内变异性是ADHD的一个重要指标.
- 需要进一步的研究来区分复杂的神经发育障碍中的重叠认知特征.
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