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相关概念视频

Cognitive Development During Adulthood01:30

Cognitive Development During Adulthood

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Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
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Learning Disabilities01:25

Learning Disabilities

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Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
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Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

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The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
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Purposive Learning01:22

Purposive Learning

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E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a...
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Language Development01:22

Language Development

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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
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相关实验视频

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积极老龄化:学习英语和发展精细的精神运动能力.

Karolina Baranowska1, Radosław Dylewski1, Jarosław Fugiel2

  • 1Faculty of English, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland.

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概括

这项研究探讨了针对老年人学习英语词汇和运动技能的迷你EDU球. 虽然可行,但该方法并没有显著优于传统学习,也没有观察到手的灵巧性益处.

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科学领域:

  • 认知心理学 认知心理学
  • 神经科学是一个神经科学.
  • 老年学是一门学科.

背景情况:

  • 学习中的认知过程与精细运动技能共享神经通路.
  • 迷你EDU球方法整合了学习的认知和运动活动.
  • 它在老年人中的应用尚未得到充分研究.

研究的目的:

  • 检查迷你EDU球对老年人的英语词汇获取的影响.
  • 评估迷你EDU球对老年人的精细精神运动技能的影响.
  • 研究体现语言学习在老年病学中的可行性和有效性.

主要方法:

  • 一个为期12周的英语课程,有73名60岁以上的参与者.
  • 四个小组使用不同的迷你EDU球和运动练习.
  • 干预前后对词汇和精细运动技能的评估.

主要成果:

  • 所有组都提高了词汇量;迷你EDU球的收益并不优越.
  • 精细的精神运动性能在不同组中没有显著的变化.
  • 报告说,参与者对基于球的方法持怀疑态度.

结论:

  • 对老年人来说,体现的,运动丰富的语言教学是可行的.
  • 词汇学习可能会得到支持,但需要考虑感知.
  • 对于手的灵巧性没有发现任何显著的益处.