将人工智能整合到儿科手术中的伦理和法律挑战
Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England
|February 23, 2026
概括
儿科手术中的人工智能 (AI) 带来了伦理和法律挑战,特别是在数据隐私和同意方面. 本综述提出了安全地将人工智能整合到儿童医疗保健中的实际策略.
科学领域:
- 儿科手术 儿科手术
- 医疗人工智能 医疗人工智能
- 生物伦理学生物伦理学
背景情况:
- 人工智能 (AI) 在儿科手术中越来越多地用于成像,机器人和风险预测.
- 儿童独特的法律地位引发了关于人工智能集成的具体伦理和法律问题.
- 儿科外科现有的人工智能治理发展不足,需要量身定制的框架.
研究的目的:
- 确定人工智能在儿科手术中的关键道德和法律挑战.
- 为临床医生和政策制定者提出人工智能整合的实际策略.
- 为人工智能辅助儿科手术绘制英国特定的伦理和法律义务.
主要方法:
- 对同行评审和灰色文献 (2015-2025) 的叙述性审查.
- 对法定指导 (ICO儿童法典,MHRA) 和儿科人工智能中心文件的分析.
- 使用原则主义的伦理分析,适应儿科环境 (发展能力,最佳利益).
主要成果:
- 确定了五个核心挑战:数据保护,知情同意,算法偏见,责任和监管协调.
- 建议包括联合学习,透明模型卡,集体赔偿,人工智能素养和绩效审计.
- 建议建立一个联合的数据共享联盟和分级责任模型.
结论:
- 人工智能为更安全,公平的儿科手术提供了潜力,并提供了适当的保障措施.
- 强有力的道德准则,更新的法律框架和监管警至关重要.
- 为儿童手术中人工智能实施提供了一个实际的治理框架.
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