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相关概念视频

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...
Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
Goiter01:27

Goiter

Goiter refers to an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland that may appear as a diffuse goiter (uniform enlargement) or nodular (single or multiple nodules). Functionally, it is classified as nontoxic (normal/low hormone levels) or toxic (excess hormone production).PathophysiologyDiffuse thyroid enlargement typically results from prolonged stimulation by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) or TSH-like agents, commonly seen in hypothyroidism or iodine deficiency. In contrast, in hyperthyroid...

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

A Swin Transformer-Based Model for Thyroid Nodule Detection in Ultrasound Images
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利用大型语言模型来提取甲状腺结节信息,并在医疗报告中进行匹配.

Dongwoo Lee1, Dominic Amara1,2, Chandler Beon1

  • 1Medical Informatics Home Area, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium
|February 23, 2026
PubMed
概括

大型语言模型 (LLM) 可以准确地从医疗报告中提取甲状腺结节的特征,减少手工工作和错误. 这种自动化有助于为甲状腺结节管理做出临床决策.

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科学领域:

  • 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
  • 医疗保健中的人工智能
  • 瘤学数据分析

背景情况:

  • 从临床报告中手动提取甲状腺结节特征是耗时且不一致的.
  • 准确的特征提取对于患者管理决策至关重要,包括手术或监视.
  • 电子健康记录数据对有效的信息检索提出了挑战.

研究的目的:

  • 评估开源大型语言模型 (LLM) 在自动化甲状腺结节特征提取和匹配方面的有效性.
  • 使用回顾性数据集,将LLM性能与手册注释进行比较.
  • 评估LLM在减少临床工作量和评价者之间的变化方面的潜力.

主要方法:

  • 从超声波和病理学报告中开发了甲状腺结节特征的注释方案.
  • 使用了包括451对超声波和病理学报告在内的回顾性数据集.
  • 与手动提取和注释对比的两个LLM,Llama-3.3 70B和QwQ-32B.

主要成果:

  • 两种评估的LLM在提取关键甲状腺结节特征 (例如位置,大小,活检结果) 中都表现出高精度.
  • 在复杂的任务中,QwQ-32B在不同报告中匹配结节的过程中获得了0.987的优异F1得分.
  • 对于临床关键数据,LLM的表现与手册注释准确度非常接近.

结论:

  • 开源的LLM显示出显著的承诺,用于自动提取和匹配从临床报告中的甲状腺结节特征.
  • 将LLM整合到临床工作流程中可以大幅减少临床医生的工作量并提高一致性.
  • 由LLM驱动的自动化保持了高准确度,支持针对甲状腺结节的知情患者管理决策.