利用大型语言模型从生物医学文献中提取癌症疫苗辅助剂名称
Hasin Rehana1,2, Jie Zheng3, Feng-Yu Yeh3
1Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA.
AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium
|February 23, 2026
概括
大型语言模型 (LLM) 在识别癌症疫苗辅助剂名称方面表现有前途. GPT-4o和Llama模型实现了显著的召回,在辅助名称提取方面表现优于传统方法.
科学领域:
- 生物医学信息学 生物医学信息学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
- 人工智能的人工智能
背景情况:
- 准确识别癌症疫苗辅助剂对于药物开发至关重要.
- 现有的从文献中提取助剂名称的方法可能是劳动密集型的.
- 大型语言模型 (LLM) 提供了自动化这一过程的潜力.
研究的目的:
- 评估各种LLM在识别癌症疫苗辅助剂名称方面的表现.
- 将LLM的表现与已建立的生物医学文本挖掘模型进行比较.
- 评估快速工程和少数镜头学习对提取精度的影响.
主要方法:
- 使用生成预训练变压器 (GPT),拉玛和杰玛模型.
- 在AdjuvareDB和Vaccine Adjuvant Compendium (VAC) 数据集上采用了零和少数射击学习范式.
- 设计了特定提示以提取辅助名称和评估上下文影响.
主要成果:
- 在 AdjuvareDB.o 上,GPT-4o 实现了高性能 (精度:65.9%,回忆:79.7%,F1:69.8%).
- 在VAC数据集上,Llama-3.2 3B表现出强烈的回忆 (在验证时高达72.5%).
- 所有测试的LLM都在辅助名称提取任务中表现优于BioBERT.
结论:
- 一般用途的LLM显示了自动化疫苗辅助剂名称提取的巨大潜力.
- 通过快速设计和少量学习,可以提高LLM的绩效.
- 这些发现有助于通过改进数据挖掘来推进疫苗研究.
相关概念视频
Cancer Vaccines
1.2K
Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
1.2K
Genetic Lingo
116.0K
Overview
116.0K
Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine
6.2K
Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
6.2K
Cancer
54.8K
Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
54.8K
Tumor Immunotherapy
2.1K
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
2.1K
Leaky Scanning
5.8K
During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA. Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
5.8K


